设计简介
摘 要
曲轴是最重要的锻件之一。曲轴锻造技术是微车曲轴锻造成形工艺的重要发展趋势。对于精密锻造的微车曲轴，非调制钢将逐渐替代其它原材料。曲轴锻后只进行可控冷却，而不需要进行热处理，避免了热处理变形，节约了能源消耗。精锻后的曲轴只需少量加工就可直接使用，提高了生产效率及材料利用率，降低了生产成本，因此大大提高了曲轴的市场竞争能力。
从80年代发展至今，许多发达国家在曲轴生产过程中，广泛运用CAD／CAM，CAE技术，采用生产管理信息系统和集成制造系统，实现了锻造生产对原材料、工艺和工艺装备最佳方案的选择和整个过程的控制，其锻造生产的合理化、自动化程度很高。
微型车曲轴成形工艺及模具的设计这一课题研究的主要内容有：曲轴的国内外现状，曲轴毛坯成形方法及特点的比较，曲轴结构的设计，曲轴锻造工艺及工艺方案的确定，曲轴模具的设计。
因此，通过课题的研究过程掌握汽车发动机曲轴模具的设计过程，了解锻造的基本工艺，熟练应用PROE、CAD等绘图软件，并具有一定的实验技能和生产实践知识。
关键词：曲轴；成形；工艺；模具设计；模锻
ABSTRACT
The crankshaft is the most important one of the forgings. The crankshaft forging technology is microcar crankshaft forging an important development trend forming process. For precision forging microcar crankshaft, the modulation of the steel will gradually replace other raw materials. The crankshaft forging only controlled cooling after heat treatment. without the need to avoid the heat treatment deformation, save the energy consumption. After precise forging the crankshaft small quantities processing can be used directly. improve the production efficiency and material utilization and reduced production cost, thus greatly improve the market competition ability of the crankshaft.
From the 1980s development so far. many developed countries in the crankshaft production process. the widely used CAD/CAM. CAE technology. using production management information system and integrated manufacturing system. realize the forging production material. process and process equipment best options and the entire process control. the forging production rationalization, high degree of automation.
Microcar forming technology and crankshaft mold design and the subject of research contents include: of the crankshaft situation at home and abroad. crankshaft blank forming methods and characteristics of comparison. crankshaft structure design. crankshaft forging process and technology strategy decision. crankshaft die design.
Therefore. through the topic research process master automobile engine crankshaft mould design process, understand the basic process. skilled forging PROE. such as CAD application of the drawing software. and has certain experiment skill and production practice knowledge.
Key words: The Crankshaft; Forming; Craft; Mold Design; Mould Forging
摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1曲轴成形国内外研究现状………………………………………………………1
1.1.1国内研究现状…………………………………………………………1
1.1.2国外研究现状…………………………………………………………2
1.2曲轴毛坯成形方法及特点比较………………………………………………3
1.2.1铸造成形………………………………………………………………3
1.2.2 锻压成形………………………………………………………………5
1.3 选题意义………………………………………………………………………7
第2章 曲轴结构的设计………………………………………………………8
2.1 曲轴的工作条件和设计要求…………………………………………………8
2.2 曲轴结构设计的主要内容………………………………………………………9
2.2.1 曲轴的材料及结构型式的选择………………………………………9
2.2.2 曲轴主要尺寸的确定…………………………………………………9
2.3 本章小结………………………………………………………………………14
第3章 曲轴锻造工艺及工艺方案的确定………………………………………15
3.1 曲轴锻造工艺概述………………………………………………………………15
3.1.1曲轴的自由锻工艺……………………………………………………16
3.1.2曲轴的模锻工艺………………………………………………………16
3.1.3曲轴的全纤维锻造工艺………………………………………………17
3.2曲轴精密模锻成形工艺……………………………………………………18
3.2.1精密模锻主要应用……………………………………………………18
3.2.2锻件材料特性…………………………………………………………19
3.2.3 曲轴精锻工艺分析……………………………………………………19
3.3热锻件图尺寸的确定………………………………………………………21
3.4预锻件的设计……………………………………………………………………24
3.5设备吨位的选择………………………………………………………………26
3.6毛坯尺寸的确定…………………………………………………………………27
3.7本章小结………………………………………………………………………27
第4 章 曲轴锻模设计………………………………………………………………28
4.1模具结构设计…………………………………………………………………28
4.2锻模材料和热处理规范概述……………………………………………………32
4.3曲轴模具加工工艺………………………………………………………………33
4.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………33
结论………………………………………………………………………………………34
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………35
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………37
