平衡肘轴工艺规程制定和工装设计
摘要
某车辆在初样车试车过程中发现平衡肘轴有开裂现象。经化学成分分析、金相检测、宏观断口分析、综合分析等分析检测手段，最终确定裂纹是在试车过程中形成于连接销孔底部圆锥面与孔侧圆柱面相交的圆周处，在随后的试车过程中发生疲劳扩展。本论文针对所分析的结论，对原始设计工艺进行了研究，并作了一定的改进，来制定平衡肘轴制作的工艺规程和工装的设计。平衡轴上外表面存在键槽，滚珠槽和外花键。内孔有内花键，内外表面粗糙度要求较高，种类较多，加工工艺较为复杂。由于平衡肘轴在坦克行驶中的重要作用，要求表面较硬，所以需要表面渗碳，而且表面粗糙度要求较高，需要外表面磨削加工。工艺过程是改变生产对象的形状、尺寸、相对位置和性质等，使其成为成品或半成品的过程。工艺规程是指规定产品或零件在生产过程中，由毛坯准备到成品包装入库，经过企业各有关部门或工序的先后顺序。工艺设计是指编制各种工艺文件盒设计工艺装备等的过程。平衡肘轴作为平衡轴的一种，具有典型轴类零件的特点，并有内通孔和花键。通过对平衡肘轴工艺规程的制定和工装的设计，并制定工序卡，能够深入研究轴类零件内外表面的加工方法和热处理工艺的排序。
关键词  平衡肘轴；工艺规程；工装设计 
Balance Shaft Techniques Procedure and Tooling Design

Abstract
In the early prototype of a vehicle found during commissioning balanced elbow axis cracking phenomenon. The chemical composition analysis, metallurgical testing, macro-fracture analysis, a comprehensive analysis and other analytical detection methods, and ultimately determine the crack is formed in the testing process in connection with the pin hole at the bottom of the conical surface intersects the bore side circumference of the cylindrical surface, in the subsequent test fatigue occurs during the expansion. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the conclusions of the original design process was studied, and made some improvements, to develop balanced elbow axis making process planning and tooling design. The outer surface of the existence of the balance shaft keyway, the ball groove and the external splines. Bore with internal spline, inside and outside surface roughness is higher, more categories, more complex process. As balance in the tank with the elbow axis of the important role, requiring a hard surface, so it is necessary carburizing, and the surface roughness is higher, the outer surface grinding needs. Production process is to change the shape of the object, size, relative position and nature, making the process of finished or semi-finished products. Process specification refers to products or parts required in the production process, from the preparation to the finished blank packaging and storage, through the business processes of the department or the order. Process design refers to the preparation of a variety of technical documents such as technical equipment box design process. Balance balance shaft axis as an elbow, with the typical characteristics of shaft, and a through-hole and the inner splines. By balancing the elbow axis process specification development and tooling design and develop processes card, can penetrate into the inner and outer surfaces of shaft parts processing methods and heat treatment process of the sort.
Keywords  Balance Shaft; Process planning；Tooling design