设计简介
摘 要
本 文是结合目前实际生产中，常常发现仅用通用夹具不能满足生产要求，用通用夹具装夹工件生产效率低劳动强大，加工质量不高，而且往往需要增加划线工序，而专门设计两种夹具：铣床夹具和钻床夹具，主要包括夹具的定位方案，夹紧方案、对刀方案，夹具体与定位键的设计及加工精度等方面的分析。
本设计双孔钻模夹具有良好的加工精度，针对性强，主要用于拨叉零件钻孔工序的加工。其具有夹紧力装置，具备现代机床夹具所要求的高效化和精密化的特点，可以有效的减少工件加工的基本时间和辅助时间，大大提高了劳动生产力，从而可以有效地减轻工人的劳动强度和增加劳动效率。钻床夹具具有提高生产率、扩大机床工艺范围、减轻工人劳动强度以及保证生产安全等特点。因此，对夹具知识的认识和学习以及设计新式的适合实际生产的夹具在今天显得尤为重要起来。
关键词：夹具；设计；高效；提高
本 文是结合目前实际生产中，常常发现仅用通用夹具不能满足生产要求，用通用夹具装夹工件生产效率低劳动强大，加工质量不高，而且往往需要增加划线工序，而专门设计两种夹具：铣床夹具和钻床夹具，主要包括夹具的定位方案，夹紧方案、对刀方案，夹具体与定位键的设计及加工精度等方面的分析。
本设计双孔钻模夹具有良好的加工精度，针对性强，主要用于拨叉零件钻孔工序的加工。其具有夹紧力装置，具备现代机床夹具所要求的高效化和精密化的特点，可以有效的减少工件加工的基本时间和辅助时间，大大提高了劳动生产力，从而可以有效地减轻工人的劳动强度和增加劳动效率。钻床夹具具有提高生产率、扩大机床工艺范围、减轻工人劳动强度以及保证生产安全等特点。因此，对夹具知识的认识和学习以及设计新式的适合实际生产的夹具在今天显得尤为重要起来。
关键词：夹具；设计；高效；提高
Abstract
The present paper is combing the actual production at present, which is that either using universal fixture cannot meet only production requirements or using universal fixture clamping work-piece to product is poor efficiency and powerful labor and not high processing quality or often it need to increase crossed process, to specially design two fixture: milling fixture and drilling fixture, mainly including schemes of fixture positioning, clamping and cutter, the design of the concrete and the TAB folder and the analysis of machining precisionl.
The milling fixture, having good processing precision and targeted, mainly is used to process dial the fork parts milling flutes. The fixture with clamping force device has the characteristics of efficiency and precision required by modern machine tools. It is so effectively to reduce the processing time and auxiliary time that greatly improve the labor productive, effectively reduce the labor intensity and increase the work efficiency as well. Drilling fixture is good for raising productivity, expanding machine machining scope, reducing labor intensity and ensuring the production safety. Therefore, it is especially important to learn and study the knowledge of fixture and design new suitable for practical production fixture nowadays.
Key words：fixture；design；efficiency；increase
目 录
第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………… 1The present paper is combing the actual production at present, which is that either using universal fixture cannot meet only production requirements or using universal fixture clamping work-piece to product is poor efficiency and powerful labor and not high processing quality or often it need to increase crossed process, to specially design two fixture: milling fixture and drilling fixture, mainly including schemes of fixture positioning, clamping and cutter, the design of the concrete and the TAB folder and the analysis of machining precisionl.
The milling fixture, having good processing precision and targeted, mainly is used to process dial the fork parts milling flutes. The fixture with clamping force device has the characteristics of efficiency and precision required by modern machine tools. It is so effectively to reduce the processing time and auxiliary time that greatly improve the labor productive, effectively reduce the labor intensity and increase the work efficiency as well. Drilling fixture is good for raising productivity, expanding machine machining scope, reducing labor intensity and ensuring the production safety. Therefore, it is especially important to learn and study the knowledge of fixture and design new suitable for practical production fixture nowadays.
Key words：fixture；design；efficiency；increase
目 录
1.1 夹具概念…………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 夹具的主要功能…………………………………………………………………1
1.3 夹具的分类………………………………………………………………………1
1.3.1 按夹具的通用特性分类…………………………………………………1
1.3.2 按夹具的动力源分类 ……………………………………………………2
1.4 夹具的组成………………………………………………………………………2
1.5 常用定位元件及选用……………………………………………………………3
1.5.1 工件以平面定位…………………………………………………………3
1.5.2 工件以外圆柱定位………………………………………………………3
1.5.3 工件以内孔定位…………………………………………………………3
1.6 机床夹具的现状及发展方向……………………………………………………4
1.6.1 机床夹具的现状…………………………………………………………4
1.6.2 机床夹具的发展方向……………………………………………………4
第二章 夹具设计………………………………………………………………………6
2.1 加工零件的介绍…………………………………………………………………6
2.2 工艺规程设计……………………………………………………………………7
2.2.1 加工工艺过程……………………………………………………………7
2.2.2 确定各表面加工方法……………………………………………………7
2.2.3 加工考虑因素……………………………………………………………7
2.2.4 上端面的加工……………………………………………………………7
2.2.5 孔的加工…………………………………………………………………8
2.3 确定定位基准……………………………………………………………………8
2.3.1 粗基准的选择……………………………………………………………8
2.3.2 精基准的选择……………………………………………………………8
2.3.3 拟定定位方案……………………………………………………………9
2.3.4 选择定位元件……………………………………………………………10
2.3.5 定位误差的计算…………………………………………………………11
2.4 工艺路线的拟定…………………………………………………………………11
2.4.1 工序的合理组合…………………………………………………………12
2.4.2 工序的集中与分散………………………………………………………12
2.4.3 加工阶段的划分…………………………………………………………13
2.4.4 毛坯的结构工艺要求……………………………………………………14
2.4.5 加工工艺路线方案的确定………………………………………………14
2.4.6 确定机械加工余量、工序尺寸及公差…………………………………15
2.4.7 选择机床…………………………………………………………………16
2.4.8 选择刀具…………………………………………………………………17
2.4.9 确定夹具类型……………………………………………………………17
2.5 夹紧方案的选择…………………………………………………………………17
2.5.1 确定夹紧方案……………………………………………………………17
2.5.2 夹紧力的估算 …………………………………………………………18
2.6 拨叉的偏差计算…………………………………………………………………20
2.7 确定切削用量及基本工时………………………………………………………21
2.8 导向装置的选择…………………………………………………………………25
2.9 验算中心距………………………………………………………………………26
2.10 验算两孔平行度精度…………………………………………………………27
2.11 夹具的结构设计………………………………………………………………28
2.12 夹具的零件工作图的设计……………………………………………………29
2.12.1 底板的设计……………………………………………………………29
2.12.2 支撑架的设计…………………………………………………………30
2.12.3 左立板的设计…………………………………………………………31
2.12.4 压板的设计……………………………………………………………32
2.12.5 钻模板的设计…………………………………………………………33
2.13 夹具的使用说明………………………………………………………………33
2.14 绘装配图………………………………………………………………………34
第三章 设计小结………………………………………………………………………35
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………36
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………37
