设计简介
摘 要
龙门式数控铣床是机床中加工工艺较为繁多的一种，其龙门立柱可承载较大载荷，以保证加工精度。因此此次课题着重对龙门式数控铣床进行了机械结构方面设计。
龙门式数控铣床是根据龙门式受力特点，用以加工同等条件下较高精度要求的工件。与普通机床相比，龙门式数控铣床其良好的工艺性，简约的结构，极其便于进行数控自动化，集成化。可提供实验室等科研单位进行设计试制造使用，极大的缩短了设计制造周期，减少了制造中可能出现的问题，提高了设计课题的可靠性，同时降低了制造生产成本。
本设计说明书主要介绍了龙门式家用数控铣床机械结构部分的设计计算。其中包括电动机选型，导轨强度校核，主轴刚度校核，皮带轮设计等。
本次组合机床的设计主要是在满足技术要求的前提下，尽量使设计方案简单，简化生产，降低工人劳动强度，提高生产率和增加自动化程度。
关键词：龙门；数控；铣床；机械结构
Abstract
Gantry CNC milling machine tools are in the process of a more diverse, its gantry column may be carrying a larger load, so as to ensure machining accuracy. Therefore focused on the topic of gantry CNC milling machine for the mechanical structure design.
Longmen CNC gantry milling machine is based on the force characteristics, under the same conditions used for processing high precision workpiece. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC milling machine gantry its a good process, and simple structure, is extremely easy to carry out NC automation, integrated. Provides laboratory and scientific research units such as the design of test manufacturing use, greatly shortened the design and manufacturing cycle, a reduction of manufacturing problems that may arise in the design improve the reliability of the subject, while reducing the manufacturing cost of production.
The main specification of the design introduced the CNC milling machine gantry home part of the mechanical structure design and calculation. Including motor selection, rail strength checking, checking spindle stiffness, pulley design.
The combination of machine tools are primarily designed to meet the technical requirements of the premise, as far as possible the design of the program easy to simplify production, reduce labor intensity of workers, improve productivity and increase the degree of automation.
Keywords: Longmen; NC; milling; mechanical structure
目 录
摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
前 言………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
绪 论……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1 机械结构概述………………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 数控机床概述…………………………………………………………………………4
1.1.1 数控机床的特点…………………………………………………………………4
1.1.2 数控机床使用中应注意的事项…………………………………………………5
1.1.3 数控机床的维护…………………………………………………………………6
1.2 家用铣床机械零件的失效形式及设计计算准则 ……………………………………8
1.2.1 失效形式…………………………………………………………………………8
1.2.2 设计计算准则……………………………………………………………………9
1.3 轴的基本设计……………………………………………………………………… 11
1.3.1 类比法 …………………………………………………………………………11
1.3.2 设计计算法 ……………………………………………………………………11
1.4 轴的强度计算 ………………………………………………………………………12
1.4.1 轴的扭转强度计算 ……………………………………………………………12
1.4.2 轴的弯扭合成强度 ……………………………………………………………12
1.4.3 轴的刚度计算 …………………………………………………………………13
1.5 轴的材料及选择 ……………………………………………………………………15
2 结构设计计算……………………………………………………………………………17
2.1 切削力的计算 ………………………………………………………………………17
2.2切削功率的计算………………………………………………………………………18
2.3 高速钢立铣刀铣削用量及功率 ……………………………………………………18
2.4 丝杠选择 ……………………………………………………………………………19
2.4.1 螺距的选择 ……………………………………………………………………19
2.4.2丝杠直径的选择…………………………………………………………………19
2.5 导轨设计计算及选择………………………………………………………………20
2.5.1导轨挠度的计算…………………………………………………………………20
2.5.2导轨的选择………………………………………………………………………20
2.6步进电机的计算和选用………………………………………………………………21
2.6.1 转动惯量计算……………………………………………………………………21
2.6.2 电动机力矩的计算………………………………………………………………21
2.6.3 步进电机的选择…………………………………………………………………22
结 论 ……………………………………………………………………………………24
致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………25
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………26
龙门式数控铣床是机床中加工工艺较为繁多的一种，其龙门立柱可承载较大载荷，以保证加工精度。因此此次课题着重对龙门式数控铣床进行了机械结构方面设计。
龙门式数控铣床是根据龙门式受力特点，用以加工同等条件下较高精度要求的工件。与普通机床相比，龙门式数控铣床其良好的工艺性，简约的结构，极其便于进行数控自动化，集成化。可提供实验室等科研单位进行设计试制造使用，极大的缩短了设计制造周期，减少了制造中可能出现的问题，提高了设计课题的可靠性，同时降低了制造生产成本。
本设计说明书主要介绍了龙门式家用数控铣床机械结构部分的设计计算。其中包括电动机选型，导轨强度校核，主轴刚度校核，皮带轮设计等。
本次组合机床的设计主要是在满足技术要求的前提下，尽量使设计方案简单，简化生产，降低工人劳动强度，提高生产率和增加自动化程度。
关键词：龙门；数控；铣床；机械结构
Abstract
Gantry CNC milling machine tools are in the process of a more diverse, its gantry column may be carrying a larger load, so as to ensure machining accuracy. Therefore focused on the topic of gantry CNC milling machine for the mechanical structure design.
Longmen CNC gantry milling machine is based on the force characteristics, under the same conditions used for processing high precision workpiece. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC milling machine gantry its a good process, and simple structure, is extremely easy to carry out NC automation, integrated. Provides laboratory and scientific research units such as the design of test manufacturing use, greatly shortened the design and manufacturing cycle, a reduction of manufacturing problems that may arise in the design improve the reliability of the subject, while reducing the manufacturing cost of production.
The main specification of the design introduced the CNC milling machine gantry home part of the mechanical structure design and calculation. Including motor selection, rail strength checking, checking spindle stiffness, pulley design.
The combination of machine tools are primarily designed to meet the technical requirements of the premise, as far as possible the design of the program easy to simplify production, reduce labor intensity of workers, improve productivity and increase the degree of automation.
Keywords: Longmen; NC; milling; mechanical structure
目 录
摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
前 言………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
绪 论……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1 机械结构概述………………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 数控机床概述…………………………………………………………………………4
1.1.1 数控机床的特点…………………………………………………………………4
1.1.2 数控机床使用中应注意的事项…………………………………………………5
1.1.3 数控机床的维护…………………………………………………………………6
1.2 家用铣床机械零件的失效形式及设计计算准则 ……………………………………8
1.2.1 失效形式…………………………………………………………………………8
1.2.2 设计计算准则……………………………………………………………………9
1.3 轴的基本设计……………………………………………………………………… 11
1.3.1 类比法 …………………………………………………………………………11
1.3.2 设计计算法 ……………………………………………………………………11
1.4 轴的强度计算 ………………………………………………………………………12
1.4.1 轴的扭转强度计算 ……………………………………………………………12
1.4.2 轴的弯扭合成强度 ……………………………………………………………12
1.4.3 轴的刚度计算 …………………………………………………………………13
1.5 轴的材料及选择 ……………………………………………………………………15
2 结构设计计算……………………………………………………………………………17
2.1 切削力的计算 ………………………………………………………………………17
2.2切削功率的计算………………………………………………………………………18
2.3 高速钢立铣刀铣削用量及功率 ……………………………………………………18
2.4 丝杠选择 ……………………………………………………………………………19
2.4.1 螺距的选择 ……………………………………………………………………19
2.4.2丝杠直径的选择…………………………………………………………………19
2.5 导轨设计计算及选择………………………………………………………………20
2.5.1导轨挠度的计算…………………………………………………………………20
2.5.2导轨的选择………………………………………………………………………20
2.6步进电机的计算和选用………………………………………………………………21
2.6.1 转动惯量计算……………………………………………………………………21
2.6.2 电动机力矩的计算………………………………………………………………21
2.6.3 步进电机的选择…………………………………………………………………22
结 论 ……………………………………………………………………………………24
致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………25
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………26
