设计简介
摩擦式机械无级变速器结构设计
摘要
无级变速器传动是指在某种控制的作用下，使机器的输出轴转速可在两个极值范围内连续变化的传动方式。而无级变速器是这样的一种装置，它具有主动和从动两根轴，并能通过传递转矩的中间介质（固体、流体、电磁流）把两根轴直接或间接地联系起来，以传递动力。当对主、从动轴的联系关系进行控制时，即可使两轴间的传动比发生变化（在两极值范围内连续而任意地变化）。用固体作为中间介质的变速器称为机械无级变速器。它和定传动比传动及有级变速传动（它只有有限的几种传动比）相比，能够根据工作需要在一定范围内连续变换速度，以适应输出转速和外界负载变化的要求；因而在现代机械传动领域内占有重要地位。摩擦式无级变速器的创制已有近百年的历史，由于受到钢材材质、加工工艺水平和润滑油料品质三个因素的限制而未能得到广泛应用。近20年来，由于真空冶炼技术的应用、超精密工艺的日臻完善以及润滑油料摩擦特性方面的改进，使得机械无级变速器已经系列化生产，并以通过部件的形式供应于市场。近十年来，由于能源危机的出现，人们对机械无级变速器在交通运输工具上应用又进行了大量的研究，并取得了一定的成效。目前对摩擦无级变速器的传动机理研究得并不充分，因此有待深入研究机理，选择和发展新的润滑剂，以进一步提高摩擦拖动率；其次是研究具体结构设计的合理性与优化问题，以及关于无级变速器应用的研究。
关键词：无级变速器；传动比；摩擦；润滑；
the structure of the friction machine CTV design
Summary
Have no the class gearbox spread to mean under the function that is a certain to control, make the exportation stalk of machine turn soon can at two pole is worth the continuous variety in the scope of spread a way.But have no class gearbox is such a kind of device, it has active with from move two stalks, and can pass to deliver the middle of turning the Ju to lie quality(the solid, fluid and electromagnetism flows) to contact two stalks directly or indirectly to deliver power.When to lord, from move an axial contact relation to carry on a control, can immediately make spreading of 2 compare occurrence variety.(be worth to change in a row but at will inside the scope in two poles)Use solid as the gearbox that in the center lies quality to is called a machine to have no class gearbox.It and certainly spread compare spread and have class to become to soon spread(it only limited few kinds spread a ratio) to compare, can according to work demand in the continuous transformation speed inside the certain scope, turn by orientation exportation soon and the external world load the request of variety;As a result spread to occupy an important position inside the realm in the modern machine.Friction type's hasing no creating of class gearbox to make has already had the history of hundred years, because of be subjected to a steel material material and process craft level and lubricant and anticipate quality three restrictions of factor but can not get an extensive application.About 20 in the last yearses, attain because of the day of vacuum Ye chain technical application, super precise craft perfect and the lubricant anticipates the improvement of rubbing the characteristic and makes the machine have no class gearbox the series have already turned production, and the form that passes a parts is supplied to a market.In the last 10 years, because of the emergence of the energy crisis, people to machine have no class gearbox the application carried on a great deal of research again on the transportation tool, and obtained certain result.Must combine insufficiency towards rubbing non- class gearbox the research spreading a motive reason currently, therefore need thorough lubricant that study mechanism, choice and development's are new to raise rub and drag along a rate further;Secondly study the rationality that the concrete structure designs with excellent turn a problem, and concerning the research that has no class gearbox application.
Keyword:Have no class gearbox;Spread a ratio;Rub;Lubricate;
目 录
摘要 ………………………………………………………………….2
第一章 绪论 4
§1.1 机械无级变速器的发展概况 4
§1.3 无级变速研究现状 5
§1.5 毕业设计内容和要求 8
第二章 摩擦无级变速器的机械特性加压装置和调速机构 9
§2.1 机械特性 9
§2.2 调速操纵机构 11
§2.3 加压装置 11
第三章 摩擦式无级变速器设计说明和计算过程 13
§3.1 摩擦机械无级变速器的工作原理 13
§3.2 摩擦无级变速器的特点 14
§3.3 锥轮的设计与计算 14
§3.4 钢环的设计与计算 18
§3.5 轴系的设计 22
§3.6 轴的结构设计 23
第四章 主要零件的校核 25
§4.1 . 输出，输入轴的校核 25
§4.2 . 轴承的校核 26
第六章 毕业设计总结 27
第七章 致谢词 28
参考文献资料 29
摘要
无级变速器传动是指在某种控制的作用下，使机器的输出轴转速可在两个极值范围内连续变化的传动方式。而无级变速器是这样的一种装置，它具有主动和从动两根轴，并能通过传递转矩的中间介质（固体、流体、电磁流）把两根轴直接或间接地联系起来，以传递动力。当对主、从动轴的联系关系进行控制时，即可使两轴间的传动比发生变化（在两极值范围内连续而任意地变化）。用固体作为中间介质的变速器称为机械无级变速器。它和定传动比传动及有级变速传动（它只有有限的几种传动比）相比，能够根据工作需要在一定范围内连续变换速度，以适应输出转速和外界负载变化的要求；因而在现代机械传动领域内占有重要地位。摩擦式无级变速器的创制已有近百年的历史，由于受到钢材材质、加工工艺水平和润滑油料品质三个因素的限制而未能得到广泛应用。近20年来，由于真空冶炼技术的应用、超精密工艺的日臻完善以及润滑油料摩擦特性方面的改进，使得机械无级变速器已经系列化生产，并以通过部件的形式供应于市场。近十年来，由于能源危机的出现，人们对机械无级变速器在交通运输工具上应用又进行了大量的研究，并取得了一定的成效。目前对摩擦无级变速器的传动机理研究得并不充分，因此有待深入研究机理，选择和发展新的润滑剂，以进一步提高摩擦拖动率；其次是研究具体结构设计的合理性与优化问题，以及关于无级变速器应用的研究。
关键词：无级变速器；传动比；摩擦；润滑；
the structure of the friction machine CTV design
Summary
Have no the class gearbox spread to mean under the function that is a certain to control, make the exportation stalk of machine turn soon can at two pole is worth the continuous variety in the scope of spread a way.But have no class gearbox is such a kind of device, it has active with from move two stalks, and can pass to deliver the middle of turning the Ju to lie quality(the solid, fluid and electromagnetism flows) to contact two stalks directly or indirectly to deliver power.When to lord, from move an axial contact relation to carry on a control, can immediately make spreading of 2 compare occurrence variety.(be worth to change in a row but at will inside the scope in two poles)Use solid as the gearbox that in the center lies quality to is called a machine to have no class gearbox.It and certainly spread compare spread and have class to become to soon spread(it only limited few kinds spread a ratio) to compare, can according to work demand in the continuous transformation speed inside the certain scope, turn by orientation exportation soon and the external world load the request of variety;As a result spread to occupy an important position inside the realm in the modern machine.Friction type's hasing no creating of class gearbox to make has already had the history of hundred years, because of be subjected to a steel material material and process craft level and lubricant and anticipate quality three restrictions of factor but can not get an extensive application.About 20 in the last yearses, attain because of the day of vacuum Ye chain technical application, super precise craft perfect and the lubricant anticipates the improvement of rubbing the characteristic and makes the machine have no class gearbox the series have already turned production, and the form that passes a parts is supplied to a market.In the last 10 years, because of the emergence of the energy crisis, people to machine have no class gearbox the application carried on a great deal of research again on the transportation tool, and obtained certain result.Must combine insufficiency towards rubbing non- class gearbox the research spreading a motive reason currently, therefore need thorough lubricant that study mechanism, choice and development's are new to raise rub and drag along a rate further;Secondly study the rationality that the concrete structure designs with excellent turn a problem, and concerning the research that has no class gearbox application.
Keyword:Have no class gearbox;Spread a ratio;Rub;Lubricate;
目 录
摘要 ………………………………………………………………….2
第一章 绪论 4
§1.1 机械无级变速器的发展概况 4
§1.3 无级变速研究现状 5
§1.5 毕业设计内容和要求 8
第二章 摩擦无级变速器的机械特性加压装置和调速机构 9
§2.1 机械特性 9
§2.2 调速操纵机构 11
§2.3 加压装置 11
第三章 摩擦式无级变速器设计说明和计算过程 13
§3.1 摩擦机械无级变速器的工作原理 13
§3.2 摩擦无级变速器的特点 14
§3.3 锥轮的设计与计算 14
§3.4 钢环的设计与计算 18
§3.5 轴系的设计 22
§3.6 轴的结构设计 23
第四章 主要零件的校核 25
§4.1 . 输出，输入轴的校核 25
§4.2 . 轴承的校核 26
第六章 毕业设计总结 27
第七章 致谢词 28
参考文献资料 29
