摘    要

汽车经过百年的发展已经走入千家万户，汽车不再是奢侈品而是人类现代化的一个标志，人们对于汽车的各项功能要求越来越高，汽车的使用范围越来越广泛，在世界的各个角落都有汽车的身影，汽车在寒冷地带的使用对发动机是一个严峻的考验。
    机动车辆因气候寒冷将会造成燃油汽化性能差、润滑油粘度增大、蓄电池工作能力差（端电压低）等问题，使发动机启动困难严重影响了车辆的正常工作，尤其是发动机，长时间在低温环境下工作会产生如下危害缩短发动机的使用寿命：发动机的功率下降、油耗增加、轮胎强度减弱、润滑油质量降低、其它附属器件变硬变脆，使行车条件明显变差，由于我国在冬季大部分地区都处在较寒冷的地区，因此这些故障现象表现的尤为突出，低温冷启动也是发动机一个重要的指标，低温试验室对于汽车发动机在低温环境中运行状态进行有效的动态模拟分析对比得出改进数据以便于汽车的改进升级，低温试验室对于汽车的未来发展有重要的意义。
文中介绍了结合黑龙江工程学院汽车工程中心现有场地条件进行设备布置安装调试，对整车性能检测设备选用布局、发动机测功机检测设备选用布局、冷冻负荷计算、制冷设备选用、试验功能体现等进行了详细说明，并对不同选择方案进行了比较分析，保证了设计的合理性、先进性及实用性，叙述了在选用设备时出现的问题及相关设备的工作原理。

关键词：低温试验室；整车低温性能检测；发动机测功机；冷冻负荷；底盘测功机
 ABSTRACT
    Car through a century of development has into households, cars are no longer a luxury but a sign of modern human beings, people of the functional requirements for the car increasing, more and more extensive use of the car in the world every corner of the figure has a car, used car in the cold zone of the engine is a severe test.
    Motor vehicle fuel due to cold weather will cause vaporization of poor performance, lubricating oil viscosity, the battery working poor (low voltage) and other issues, the engine difficult to start seriously affected the normal operation of the vehicle, especially the engine, for a long time work at low temperatures will produce the following hazards shorten the life of the engine: the engine power down, fuel, tires weakening of the lower quality lubricants, and other ancillary devices hard brittle, so that driving conditions deteriorated significantly, due to China's in most parts of the winter in colder areas, so the performance of these symptoms are particularly prominent, low-temperature cold-start engine is also an important indicator of low-temperature laboratory for the car engine running at a low temperature environment for effective analysis and comparison of the dynamic simulation Improved data obtained for the improvement in car upgrades, low temperature test chamber for the car of the future development of important significance.
    This paper introduces the combination of Heilongjiang Institute of Vehicle Engineering Laboratory automotive temperature conditions of the existing site layout equipment installation and commissioning, performance testing equipment used on the vehicle layout, the engine dynamometer testing equipment used layout, cooling load calculations, selection of refrigeration equipment, test functions reflect such a detailed description of the different options and a comparative analysis to ensure the rational design, advanced and practical, described in the selection of equipment problems and related equipment works.
 
 
Keywords: Low-temperature laboratory；vehicle low temperature performance testing；engine dynamometer； cooling load；chassis dynamometer