设计简介
摘 要
随着汽车电子技术、自动控制技术的逐步成熟和汽车网络通信技术的广泛应用，汽车线控技术也逐步得到青睐和深入研究是汽车未来的发展趋势。汽车线控技术就是将驾驶员的操纵动作经过传感器变成电信号，通过电缆直接传输到执行机构的一种系统。汽车离合器操纵形式有液压和拉线式两种，轿车多用液压操纵式，由总泵、分泵、软管、踏板等组成。本设计通过研究汽车液压操纵式离合器的组成、结构与设计；分析离合器接合过程和计算离合器的操纵力变化规律建立离合器的力学模型，选择驱动装置，设计传动机构，布置形式和控制系统。
本文研究了以单片机为核心的液压操纵式离合器线控系统的开发思路和设计方法。其中选择了线控系统的硬件并设计了线控部分压力控制单元的软件系统。软件核心是单片机，用脉宽调制（PWM）方法控制占空比对高速开关阀进行控制，实现离合器工作缸位置精确控制，软件采用PID控制算法。所设计的液压操纵式离合器线控操纵系统可与原系统的功能进行切换工作。
关键词：液压操纵式离合器；线控技术；脉宽调制；高速开关阀；PID算法
ABSTRACT
Along with the gradual maturity of automobile electronics and automatic control technicals and the automobile network correspondence technicals extensively applied, automobile control by-wire has also gradually received favor and it will set a trend in research of the automobile in the future.The automobile control by-wire technique is the system that the driver's operate working converted electrical signals by sensors and then directly transmitting the executing mrvhsnidm.
The operate form of the automobile cluth contains hydraulic type and mechanicaltype and the passenger cars mostly use the hydraulic operate type .It includes master cylinder,slave cylinder, hose, footpedal etc. This design selects the drive device and designs gear, arrangement and control system through studying the composition of the automobile hydraulic cluth, structure and design; building the model of the cluth by analysing the starting process and calculating variation law of the operate force .
This is the core of Microcontrollers hydraulic cluth development train of thought and design method,and the choice of hardware and the design of control by-wire was controller software.The core of the software is Microcontroller which high-speed on-off valves are used and controlled with pulse width modulation (PWM) in this system to control the position of the slave cylinder accurately, and the PID control algorithm designs the control program.It can be switched between the hydraulic cluth control by-wire system and the original system.
Key words：Hydraulic Cluth;Control By-wire;PWM; High-speed On-off Valves;PID Control Algorithm
目 录
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
第1章 绪论 1
1.1选题的目的意义 1
1.2线控技术的国内外发展现状 1
1.3 离合器控制技术发展 3
第2章 液压操纵式离合器线控系统总体设计 5
2.1离合器特性分析 5
2.1.1膜片弹簧离合器结构与工作原理 5
2.1.2膜片弹簧非线性特性 7
2.2 离合器液压操纵机构 8
2.2.1离合器主缸 9
2.2.2离合器工作缸 10
2.2.3离合器液压式操纵机构的计算 11
2.3离合器操纵机构线控系统设计 13
2.3.1离合器线控系统工作过程 13
2.3.2离合器线控系统工作原理 14
2.4 本章小结 15
第3章 液压操纵式离合器线控系统的硬件设计 16
3.1控制器的设计 16
3.2传感器的选择 20
3.3 执行器的选择 21
3.3.1液压泵和电动机总成 21
3.3.2开关阀 23
3.3.3进油阀和回油阀 23
3.4执行器测试 25
3.5驱动电路 25
3.6本章小结 27
第4章 液压操纵式离合器线控系统的软件设计 29
4.1主程序流程 29
4.2初始化流程 30
4.3控制算法 30
4.4本章小结 31
结论 32
参考文献 33
致谢 35
附录C程序 40
