设计简介
摘 要
随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展、内陆运输的不断扩大，公路冷藏车运输越来越显示出其快速发展的趋势。因为运输的集装化及环境保护意识的提高，货物运输不仅要求其运输的快捷安全，而且要求被运输货物的质量能保鲜。据不完全统计，到2003年底我国食品冷冻、冷藏行业的冷库总容量将突破700万吨/次；在我国涉及到食品冷冻、冷藏的企业估计近 20000家；食品冷冻、冷藏业直接从业人员约有80万人；我国速冻食品的产量目前估计已接近450万吨/年；冷冻饮品的产量今年将突破150万吨。食品冷藏运输技术是将食品，特别是易腐食品从一个地方通过科学的手段和特殊的运输工具在特别的运输条件下迅速完好的把食品运送到另一个地方的专门技术科学的食品冷藏运输对食品资源的开发利用，提高食品产、运、销，增加食品产业的经效益，改善和提高人民健康、生活水平具有重要意义。目前社会上生产运作的冷藏车大多存在种种不足,例如制冷效能差,能耗大等等。本课题采用真空绝热板作为绝热材料,设计具有高绝热性能的冷藏车。设计的主要内容有:制冷动力与车动力一体化;设计独立动力切断装置;发动机与压缩机连接方式；冷藏箱与底盘的连接方式；压缩机制冷容量的选择及选型；发动机的选择。
关键词：压缩机；冷藏箱；制冷机组；保温车厢
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of our country's highway, the interior transportation expand gradually, the road refrigeration truck transportation demonstrates its fast developing tendency by degrees. Because the enhancement of collecting transport and the consciousness of environmental protection, the cargo transport not only require rapidness and safe, but also the freshness in quality .According to the incomplete statistical survey , the general capacity of refrigerating storage industry has break through 7 million tons per time until the end of the year of 2003.In our country,the companys refer to food refrigerate have exceed 20 thousand .The persons undertake this industry have exceed 800 thousands. The oueput of freeze food estimate have nearly 450 thousands tons per year.The output of refrigerate drink will break though 1.5 million tons. The technology of food refrigerate transportation is transport the food,especially some putrescibility food from a place to another place rapidly and successfully. The technology of food refrigerate transportation improve the food product , transport , sell, the health , living standard increasing food product classics beneficial result , improvement and improving the people have importance. At present, produce the refrigerator truck operating socially mostly existence a variety of prollem such as the refrigeration efficacy is shortage, energy consumption is big and so on. The problem use vacuum insulation board to be lagging material , designs the refrigerator car having the high heat insulation function. The main content designing that has: Refrigeration driving force and vehicle driving force must be unified; Design the independent driving force cut-out device; The engine and the compression engine link way;The connection way of refrigerator and the chassis; Compression engine refrigeration capacities choice and selections type; The choice of engine .
Key words: Compressor；Refrigerator；Refrigeration unit；Heat preservation compartment
目 录
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 概述…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 冷藏车的发展概况…………………………………………………………………2
1.2.1我国冷藏汽车的发展………………………………………………………2
1.2.2我国冷藏车的生产和技术概况……………………………………………3
1.3 设计主要内容………………………………………………………………………4
第2章 冷藏保温车的分类及布置形式……………………………………………5
2.1 冷藏保温车的定义与用途…………………………………………………………5
2.2 冷藏保温车的分类………………………………………………………………5
2.3 冷藏汽车整体布置…………………………………………………………………6
2.4 总体设计方案………………………………………………………………………6
2.5 本章小结……………………………………………………………………………8
第 3章 二类底盘与车架的选择设计………………………………………………9
3.1二类底盘的型号选择………………………………………………………………9
3.2主车架的改装……………………………………………………………………11
3.3副车架的设计……………………………………………………………………12
3.3.1副车架的截面形状及尺寸…………………………………………………12
3.3.2副车架的前端形状及安装位置……………………………………………13
3.3.3 副车架与主车架的连接设计………………………………………………13
3.3.4 副车架的强度校核…………………………………………………………14
3.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………15
第 4 章冷藏保温汽车隔热车厢的结构设计……………………………………16
4.1冷藏保温箱的类型与定义……………………………………………………16
4.2隔热车厢的结构组成…………………………………………………………17
4.3隔热车厢的结构形式……………………………………………………………17
4.3.1 整体结构隔热车厢…………………………………………………………17
4.3.2 分片拼装结构隔热车厢……………………………………………………18
4.4 车厢的结构设计…………………………………………………………………19
4.4.1 隔热层材料与厚度…………………………………………………………20
4.4.2 隔热材料的种类……………………………………………………………20
4.4.3 隔热层厚度…………………………………………………………………21
4．5本章小结…………………………………………………………………………21
第 5 章 制冷机组的选择……………………………………………………………22
5.1 蒸汽压缩式制冷装置介绍………………………………………………………22
5.2 隔热车厢的热工计算……………………………………………………………23
5.3隔热车厢的热负荷计算…………………………………………………………26
5.4 制冷机组的选择…………………………………………………………………29
5.5 制冷机组校核……………………………………………………………………29
5.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………31
第6章 整车性能计算………………………………………………………………32
6.1 冷藏车性能参数…………………………………………………………………32
6.2 整车动力性能计算………………………………………………………………32
6.3 燃油经济性的计算 ………………………………………………………………35
6.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………36
结论………………………………………………………………………………………37
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………38
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………39
随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展、内陆运输的不断扩大，公路冷藏车运输越来越显示出其快速发展的趋势。因为运输的集装化及环境保护意识的提高，货物运输不仅要求其运输的快捷安全，而且要求被运输货物的质量能保鲜。据不完全统计，到2003年底我国食品冷冻、冷藏行业的冷库总容量将突破700万吨/次；在我国涉及到食品冷冻、冷藏的企业估计近 20000家；食品冷冻、冷藏业直接从业人员约有80万人；我国速冻食品的产量目前估计已接近450万吨/年；冷冻饮品的产量今年将突破150万吨。食品冷藏运输技术是将食品，特别是易腐食品从一个地方通过科学的手段和特殊的运输工具在特别的运输条件下迅速完好的把食品运送到另一个地方的专门技术科学的食品冷藏运输对食品资源的开发利用，提高食品产、运、销，增加食品产业的经效益，改善和提高人民健康、生活水平具有重要意义。目前社会上生产运作的冷藏车大多存在种种不足,例如制冷效能差,能耗大等等。本课题采用真空绝热板作为绝热材料,设计具有高绝热性能的冷藏车。设计的主要内容有:制冷动力与车动力一体化;设计独立动力切断装置;发动机与压缩机连接方式；冷藏箱与底盘的连接方式；压缩机制冷容量的选择及选型；发动机的选择。
关键词：压缩机；冷藏箱；制冷机组；保温车厢
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of our country's highway, the interior transportation expand gradually, the road refrigeration truck transportation demonstrates its fast developing tendency by degrees. Because the enhancement of collecting transport and the consciousness of environmental protection, the cargo transport not only require rapidness and safe, but also the freshness in quality .According to the incomplete statistical survey , the general capacity of refrigerating storage industry has break through 7 million tons per time until the end of the year of 2003.In our country,the companys refer to food refrigerate have exceed 20 thousand .The persons undertake this industry have exceed 800 thousands. The oueput of freeze food estimate have nearly 450 thousands tons per year.The output of refrigerate drink will break though 1.5 million tons. The technology of food refrigerate transportation is transport the food,especially some putrescibility food from a place to another place rapidly and successfully. The technology of food refrigerate transportation improve the food product , transport , sell, the health , living standard increasing food product classics beneficial result , improvement and improving the people have importance. At present, produce the refrigerator truck operating socially mostly existence a variety of prollem such as the refrigeration efficacy is shortage, energy consumption is big and so on. The problem use vacuum insulation board to be lagging material , designs the refrigerator car having the high heat insulation function. The main content designing that has: Refrigeration driving force and vehicle driving force must be unified; Design the independent driving force cut-out device; The engine and the compression engine link way;The connection way of refrigerator and the chassis; Compression engine refrigeration capacities choice and selections type; The choice of engine .
Key words: Compressor；Refrigerator；Refrigeration unit；Heat preservation compartment
目 录
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 概述…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 冷藏车的发展概况…………………………………………………………………2
1.2.1我国冷藏汽车的发展………………………………………………………2
1.2.2我国冷藏车的生产和技术概况……………………………………………3
1.3 设计主要内容………………………………………………………………………4
第2章 冷藏保温车的分类及布置形式……………………………………………5
2.1 冷藏保温车的定义与用途…………………………………………………………5
2.2 冷藏保温车的分类………………………………………………………………5
2.3 冷藏汽车整体布置…………………………………………………………………6
2.4 总体设计方案………………………………………………………………………6
2.5 本章小结……………………………………………………………………………8
第 3章 二类底盘与车架的选择设计………………………………………………9
3.1二类底盘的型号选择………………………………………………………………9
3.2主车架的改装……………………………………………………………………11
3.3副车架的设计……………………………………………………………………12
3.3.1副车架的截面形状及尺寸…………………………………………………12
3.3.2副车架的前端形状及安装位置……………………………………………13
3.3.3 副车架与主车架的连接设计………………………………………………13
3.3.4 副车架的强度校核…………………………………………………………14
3.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………15
第 4 章冷藏保温汽车隔热车厢的结构设计……………………………………16
4.1冷藏保温箱的类型与定义……………………………………………………16
4.2隔热车厢的结构组成…………………………………………………………17
4.3隔热车厢的结构形式……………………………………………………………17
4.3.1 整体结构隔热车厢…………………………………………………………17
4.3.2 分片拼装结构隔热车厢……………………………………………………18
4.4 车厢的结构设计…………………………………………………………………19
4.4.1 隔热层材料与厚度…………………………………………………………20
4.4.2 隔热材料的种类……………………………………………………………20
4.4.3 隔热层厚度…………………………………………………………………21
4．5本章小结…………………………………………………………………………21
第 5 章 制冷机组的选择……………………………………………………………22
5.1 蒸汽压缩式制冷装置介绍………………………………………………………22
5.2 隔热车厢的热工计算……………………………………………………………23
5.3隔热车厢的热负荷计算…………………………………………………………26
5.4 制冷机组的选择…………………………………………………………………29
5.5 制冷机组校核……………………………………………………………………29
5.6本章小结…………………………………………………………………………31
第6章 整车性能计算………………………………………………………………32
6.1 冷藏车性能参数…………………………………………………………………32
6.2 整车动力性能计算………………………………………………………………32
6.3 燃油经济性的计算 ………………………………………………………………35
6.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………36
结论………………………………………………………………………………………37
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………38
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………39
