设计简介
重载汽车后驱动桥结构设计
摘要
驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。当采用大功率发动机输出大的转矩以满足目前载重汽车的快速、重载的高效率、高效益的需要时，必须要搭配一个高效、可靠的驱动桥。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。所以采用传动效率高的单级减速驱动桥已成为未来重载汽车的发展方向。
本文参照传统驱动桥的设计方法进行了载重汽车驱动桥的设计。本文首先确定主要部件的结构型式和主要设计参数；然后参考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；最后对主，从动锥齿轮，差速器圆锥行星齿轮，半轴齿轮，全浮式半轴和整体式桥壳的强度进行校核以及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。
本设计具有以下的优点：由于的是采用中央单级减速驱动桥，使得整个后桥的结构简单，制造工艺简单，从而大大的降低了制造成本。并且，弧齿锥齿轮的单级主减速器提高了后桥的传动效率，提高了传动的可行性。
关键字：驱动桥，主减速器，差速器，半轴，桥壳
The Designing of Heavy Truck Rear Drive Axles
Abstract
The driving axle takes automobile one of four big units, its performance quality immediate influence complete bikes performance, but appears regarding the truck especially important. When uses the uprated engine to output the big torque satisfies the present truck fast, the heavy load high efficiency, the high benefit need, must match one highly effective, the reliable driving axle. The driving axle generally by the final drive, the differential, the wheel transmission device and the driving axle housing and so on is composed. Will therefore use the transmission efficiency high single stage deceleration driving axle to become in the future the heavy load automobile's development direction.
This article referred to the traditional driving axle's design method to carryon the truck driving axle's design. This article first determines major component's structure pattern and the main design variable; Then the reference similar driving axle's structure, determines the overall project design; Finally to the host,the driven bevel gear, the differential device circular cone planet gear, the rear axle shaft gear, full-floating axle shaft and the banjo housing's intensity carried on the examination as well as has carried on the life examination to the supporting bearing.
This design has the following merit: What because uses the central single stage deceleration driving axle, causes the entire rear axle of car the structure to be simple, the fabrication technology is simple, thus big reduced the production cost. And, the arc cusp gear's single stage main gear box raised the rear axle of car transmission efficiency, enhanced the transmission feasibility.
key words: Driving axle，final drive，differential，axle shaft，axle housing
目 录
摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 引言 1
2 驱动桥结构方案分析 1
3 主减速器设计 4
3.1 主减速器的结构形式 4
3.1.1 主减速器的齿轮类型 4
3.1.2 主减速器的减速形式 4
3.1.3 主减速器主，从动锥齿轮的支承形式 4
3.2 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算 5
3.2.1 主减速器计算载荷的确定 5
3.2.2 主减速器基本参数的选择 7
3.2.3 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算 9
3.2.4 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的强度计算 11
3.2.5 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 17
3.2.6 主减速器轴承的计算 17
4 差速器设计 23
4.1 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理 23
4.2 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构 24
4.3 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计 25
4.3.1 差速器齿轮的基本参数的选择 25
4.3.2 差速器齿轮的几何计算 27
4.3.3 差速器齿轮的强度计算 29
5 驱动半轴的设计 30
5.1 全浮式半轴计算载荷的确定 31
5.2 全浮式半轴的杆部直径的初选 32
5.3 全浮式半轴的强度计算 32
5.4 半轴花键的强度计算 32
6 驱动桥壳的设计 33
6.1 铸造整体式桥壳的结构 34
6.2 桥壳的强度校核 35
结 论 36
参考文献 37
致 谢 38
摘要
驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。当采用大功率发动机输出大的转矩以满足目前载重汽车的快速、重载的高效率、高效益的需要时，必须要搭配一个高效、可靠的驱动桥。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。所以采用传动效率高的单级减速驱动桥已成为未来重载汽车的发展方向。
本文参照传统驱动桥的设计方法进行了载重汽车驱动桥的设计。本文首先确定主要部件的结构型式和主要设计参数；然后参考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；最后对主，从动锥齿轮，差速器圆锥行星齿轮，半轴齿轮，全浮式半轴和整体式桥壳的强度进行校核以及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。
本设计具有以下的优点：由于的是采用中央单级减速驱动桥，使得整个后桥的结构简单，制造工艺简单，从而大大的降低了制造成本。并且，弧齿锥齿轮的单级主减速器提高了后桥的传动效率，提高了传动的可行性。
关键字：驱动桥，主减速器，差速器，半轴，桥壳
The Designing of Heavy Truck Rear Drive Axles
Abstract
The driving axle takes automobile one of four big units, its performance quality immediate influence complete bikes performance, but appears regarding the truck especially important. When uses the uprated engine to output the big torque satisfies the present truck fast, the heavy load high efficiency, the high benefit need, must match one highly effective, the reliable driving axle. The driving axle generally by the final drive, the differential, the wheel transmission device and the driving axle housing and so on is composed. Will therefore use the transmission efficiency high single stage deceleration driving axle to become in the future the heavy load automobile's development direction.
This article referred to the traditional driving axle's design method to carryon the truck driving axle's design. This article first determines major component's structure pattern and the main design variable; Then the reference similar driving axle's structure, determines the overall project design; Finally to the host,the driven bevel gear, the differential device circular cone planet gear, the rear axle shaft gear, full-floating axle shaft and the banjo housing's intensity carried on the examination as well as has carried on the life examination to the supporting bearing.
This design has the following merit: What because uses the central single stage deceleration driving axle, causes the entire rear axle of car the structure to be simple, the fabrication technology is simple, thus big reduced the production cost. And, the arc cusp gear's single stage main gear box raised the rear axle of car transmission efficiency, enhanced the transmission feasibility.
key words: Driving axle，final drive，differential，axle shaft，axle housing
目 录
摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 引言 1
2 驱动桥结构方案分析 1
3 主减速器设计 4
3.1 主减速器的结构形式 4
3.1.1 主减速器的齿轮类型 4
3.1.2 主减速器的减速形式 4
3.1.3 主减速器主，从动锥齿轮的支承形式 4
3.2 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算 5
3.2.1 主减速器计算载荷的确定 5
3.2.2 主减速器基本参数的选择 7
3.2.3 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算 9
3.2.4 主减速器圆弧锥齿轮的强度计算 11
3.2.5 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 17
3.2.6 主减速器轴承的计算 17
4 差速器设计 23
4.1 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理 23
4.2 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构 24
4.3 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计 25
4.3.1 差速器齿轮的基本参数的选择 25
4.3.2 差速器齿轮的几何计算 27
4.3.3 差速器齿轮的强度计算 29
5 驱动半轴的设计 30
5.1 全浮式半轴计算载荷的确定 31
5.2 全浮式半轴的杆部直径的初选 32
5.3 全浮式半轴的强度计算 32
5.4 半轴花键的强度计算 32
6 驱动桥壳的设计 33
6.1 铸造整体式桥壳的结构 34
6.2 桥壳的强度校核 35
结 论 36
参考文献 37
致 谢 38
