摘　　要

加工中心是指在一次装卡中，能够实现自动铣削、钻孔、镗孔、铰孔、攻丝等多工序的数控机床。更为明确的说法是：加工中心就是自动换刀数控镗铣床。这就把加工中心和自动换刀数控车床和车削中心区别开来。
加工中心区别于别的数控镗铣床的主要特点就在于它具有根据工艺要求自动更换所需刀具的功能，机自动换刀(ATC)机能。
加工中心的自动换刀系统,通常是由刀库和机械手组成,它是加工中心的象征,又是加工中心成败的关键环节。因此各加工中心制造厂家都在下大力研制动作迅速、可靠性高的自动换刀装置,以求在激烈的竞争中取得好的效益。正因为自动换刀装置是加工中心的核心内容,各厂家都在保密,极少公开有关资料,尤其机械手部分更始如此。
加重中心的自动换刀形式,可分为有机械手换刀方式和无机械手换刀方式。加工中心的ATC,大都采用有机械手的换刀方式，因为更节省时间。
由于液压驱动的机械手需要采用严格的密封，还需较复杂的缓冲机构，控制机械手动作的电磁阀都有一定的时间常数，因为换刀速度较慢。近年来国内、外先后研制出凸轮联动式单臂双抓机械手。这种机械手的优点是由电机驱动，不需要较复杂的液压系统及其密封、缓冲机构，没有漏油现象，结构简单，工作可靠。同时，机械手手臂的回转和插刀、拔刀的分解动作是联动的，部分时间可重叠，从而大大缩短了换刀时间。
关键词：机械手；加工中心；自动换刀
Abstract

Machining Center is installed in a card, to achieve automatic milling, drilling, boring, Reaming, Tapping and other processes of CNC machine tools. A more explicit statement of Machining Center is the automatic tool change CNC milling machines. This brings the processing center and automatic tool change CNC lathe and turning centers to distinguish.
Machining Center is different from other CNC milling machines to the main features is that it has under the technological requirements for automatic tool change function, Automatic Tool Change (ATC) function.
Machining Center, ATC system is usually a knife and the composition manipulator, it is a symbol of the processing center. Machining Center is the key to success. Therefore the processing center manufacturers are vigorously developing the next moves quickly, high reliability, ATC, to the fierce competition to achieve good results。It is precisely because of automatic tool change is the core processing center, the manufacturers are confidential, rarely disclose the information In particular, some manipulator so start anew.
Add to the automatic tool change form, it can be divided into a manipulator tool change and free manipulator ATC way. ATC machining centers, most using a manipulator tool change, because it is more time-saving.
Due to hydraulic-driven manipulators need strict sealed need more complex buffer, manipulator control of the solenoid valve moves have a certain amount of time constants, because slower speed up the pace. In recent years, domestic and foreign has developed a cam linkage arm-grasping manipulator. This manipulator from the advantages of motor-driven, not more complex hydraulic system and its sealed buffer, no leakage, simple, reliable. Meanwhile, the manipulator arm and rotary knife inserted, the decomposition Everyone moves are linked, and some may overlap time, thus greatly reducing the time ATC。
KeyWords：Manipulator; Machining Center; Automatic tool change