设计简介
摘要
在以经济建设为中心的大环境里，在世界经济复苏的浪潮中，在社会商品和信息交流中，汽车——推动现代文明发展的工具的作用日趋发挥。汽车工业发展的经济效益不仅仅是汽车本身，还集中表现在汽车使用和流通的全过程中。在社会主义市场经济不断发展和完善时，社会对汽车运输的效益以及各种功能和性能的要求越来越高，使汽车运输向专用化方向发展成为必然趋势。
自卸汽车是最常见的专用车辆，自卸汽车又称翻斗车（tipper dump car），它是依靠自身动力驱动液压举升机构，使货厢具有自动倾卸货物功能与复位功能的一种重要的专用汽车。自卸汽车主要运输砂、石、土、垃圾、建材、煤、矿石、粮食和农产品等可散装又可散堆的货物。其最大优点是实现了卸货的机械化，从而提高了卸货效率，减轻劳动强度，节约劳动力。因此，几十年来它在国内外获得迅速发展和普及。但是，普通自卸汽车的卸货方式为散装货物沿汽车大梁卸下，其卸货高度是一定的，若要将货物堆积的较高点或在较高处开始堆积就难以实现了，为此需设计一种专用自卸汽车——高位自卸汽车，它是装备有车厢高位举升和倾卸机构两套装置，能将车厢举升到一定高度后倾卸物料的自卸汽车，适合于高货台卸货。
关键词：经济复苏；汽车；专用车；高位自卸车；高货台卸货。
Abstract
In taking economic construction as the center of a large environment, the wave of economic recovery in the world, in social goods and information exchange, car - a tool to promote the development of modern civilization increasingly play the role. The economic development of automobile industry is not just the car itself, but also manifested in car use and circulation of the entire process. In the socialist market economy development and improvement, the social benefits of automobile transportation and a variety of features and performance requirements are high, so that transport to the private automobile has become an inevitable trend in the direction of development.
Dump truck is the most common special vehicles, also known as dump trucks dump truck (tipper dump car), it is relying on its own power driven hydraulic lifting mechanism, so that the cargo compartment with automatic dump function and reset function of goods is an important dedicated vehicles. Dump truck mainly transport sand, stone, earth, garbage, building materials, coal, ore, grain and agricultural products can also be bulk Bulk cargo. Its biggest advantage is achieved unloading mechanization, thereby increasing the discharge efficiency, reduce labor intensity, labor-saving. Therefore, it is at home and abroad for decades a rapid development and popularization. However, ordinary dump truck unloading bulk cargo along the way to remove the automobile frames, the discharge height is certain, to the accumulation of goods at a higher point or higher at the beginning of accumulation would be difficult to achieve, and this need to design a special dump truck - high dump truck, which is equipped with high lift and dump car bodies of two devices, can give rise to a certain height, car dumping materials dump truck, suitable for high cargo unloading station.
Key words: Economic recovery; car; private car; high dump truck; high dock loading.
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题的提出 1
1.2 高位自卸车的设计特点 1
1.3 毕业设计课题的实际意义 2
1.4 国内外自卸汽车的发展状况 3
第2章 高位自卸车的结构设计 5
2.1 设计要求和有关数据 5
2.2 举升机构方案设计 6
2.3 翻转机构方案设计 13
2.4 后箱门打开机构方案设计 19
2.5 方案整合设计 23
第3章 高位自卸汽车设计计算 26
3.1 质量的确定 26
3.2 升高机构的设计计算 26
3.2.1 油缸的推力 27
3.2.2 销轴的校核 27
3.2.3 剪叉臂的校核 28
3.2.4 托架的校核 29
3.3 倾斜机构的设计计算 29
3.3.1 受力分析 29
3.3.2 倾斜机构参数校核计算 33
第4章 液压系统设计 35
4.1 液压系统设计分析 35
4.1.1 油缸选型与计算 35
4.1.2 油泵选型与计算 36
4.1.3 油箱容积与油管内径计算 37
4.2 液压系统参数设计 38
4.2.1 油缸选型确定 38
4.2.2 油泵选型确定 38
4.2.3 分配阀选型 39
4.2.4 油箱容积与油管内径确定 39
4.3 取力器的选择 39
4.2.1 取力器布置方案选择 39
第5章 高位自卸车基本性能参数计算 41
5.1 发动机的动力性 41
5.1.1 发动机的外特性 41
5.1.2 动力性能评价指标 43
5.2 整车稳定性计算 45
5.2.1 高位自卸车运输状态稳定性计算 46
5.2.2 高位自卸车卸货时稳定性计算 47
5.3 燃油经济性计算 48
结 论 50
致 谢 51
参考文献 52
在以经济建设为中心的大环境里，在世界经济复苏的浪潮中，在社会商品和信息交流中，汽车——推动现代文明发展的工具的作用日趋发挥。汽车工业发展的经济效益不仅仅是汽车本身，还集中表现在汽车使用和流通的全过程中。在社会主义市场经济不断发展和完善时，社会对汽车运输的效益以及各种功能和性能的要求越来越高，使汽车运输向专用化方向发展成为必然趋势。
自卸汽车是最常见的专用车辆，自卸汽车又称翻斗车（tipper dump car），它是依靠自身动力驱动液压举升机构，使货厢具有自动倾卸货物功能与复位功能的一种重要的专用汽车。自卸汽车主要运输砂、石、土、垃圾、建材、煤、矿石、粮食和农产品等可散装又可散堆的货物。其最大优点是实现了卸货的机械化，从而提高了卸货效率，减轻劳动强度，节约劳动力。因此，几十年来它在国内外获得迅速发展和普及。但是，普通自卸汽车的卸货方式为散装货物沿汽车大梁卸下，其卸货高度是一定的，若要将货物堆积的较高点或在较高处开始堆积就难以实现了，为此需设计一种专用自卸汽车——高位自卸汽车，它是装备有车厢高位举升和倾卸机构两套装置，能将车厢举升到一定高度后倾卸物料的自卸汽车，适合于高货台卸货。
关键词：经济复苏；汽车；专用车；高位自卸车；高货台卸货。
Abstract
In taking economic construction as the center of a large environment, the wave of economic recovery in the world, in social goods and information exchange, car - a tool to promote the development of modern civilization increasingly play the role. The economic development of automobile industry is not just the car itself, but also manifested in car use and circulation of the entire process. In the socialist market economy development and improvement, the social benefits of automobile transportation and a variety of features and performance requirements are high, so that transport to the private automobile has become an inevitable trend in the direction of development.
Dump truck is the most common special vehicles, also known as dump trucks dump truck (tipper dump car), it is relying on its own power driven hydraulic lifting mechanism, so that the cargo compartment with automatic dump function and reset function of goods is an important dedicated vehicles. Dump truck mainly transport sand, stone, earth, garbage, building materials, coal, ore, grain and agricultural products can also be bulk Bulk cargo. Its biggest advantage is achieved unloading mechanization, thereby increasing the discharge efficiency, reduce labor intensity, labor-saving. Therefore, it is at home and abroad for decades a rapid development and popularization. However, ordinary dump truck unloading bulk cargo along the way to remove the automobile frames, the discharge height is certain, to the accumulation of goods at a higher point or higher at the beginning of accumulation would be difficult to achieve, and this need to design a special dump truck - high dump truck, which is equipped with high lift and dump car bodies of two devices, can give rise to a certain height, car dumping materials dump truck, suitable for high cargo unloading station.
Key words: Economic recovery; car; private car; high dump truck; high dock loading.
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题的提出 1
1.2 高位自卸车的设计特点 1
1.3 毕业设计课题的实际意义 2
1.4 国内外自卸汽车的发展状况 3
第2章 高位自卸车的结构设计 5
2.1 设计要求和有关数据 5
2.2 举升机构方案设计 6
2.3 翻转机构方案设计 13
2.4 后箱门打开机构方案设计 19
2.5 方案整合设计 23
第3章 高位自卸汽车设计计算 26
3.1 质量的确定 26
3.2 升高机构的设计计算 26
3.2.1 油缸的推力 27
3.2.2 销轴的校核 27
3.2.3 剪叉臂的校核 28
3.2.4 托架的校核 29
3.3 倾斜机构的设计计算 29
3.3.1 受力分析 29
3.3.2 倾斜机构参数校核计算 33
第4章 液压系统设计 35
4.1 液压系统设计分析 35
4.1.1 油缸选型与计算 35
4.1.2 油泵选型与计算 36
4.1.3 油箱容积与油管内径计算 37
4.2 液压系统参数设计 38
4.2.1 油缸选型确定 38
4.2.2 油泵选型确定 38
4.2.3 分配阀选型 39
4.2.4 油箱容积与油管内径确定 39
4.3 取力器的选择 39
4.2.1 取力器布置方案选择 39
第5章 高位自卸车基本性能参数计算 41
5.1 发动机的动力性 41
5.1.1 发动机的外特性 41
5.1.2 动力性能评价指标 43
5.2 整车稳定性计算 45
5.2.1 高位自卸车运输状态稳定性计算 46
5.2.2 高位自卸车卸货时稳定性计算 47
5.3 燃油经济性计算 48
结 论 50
致 谢 51
参考文献 52
