设计简介
摘 要
在汽车行驶中,转向运动是最基本的运动。我们通过方向盘来操纵和控制汽车的行驶方向,从而实现自己的行驶意图。在现代汽车上,转向系统是必不可少的最基本的系统之一,它也是决定汽车主动安全性的关键总成,如何设计汽车的转向特性,使汽车具有良好的操纵性能,始终是各汽车厂家和科研机构的重要课题。
本文主要介绍汽车转向系的组成和作用,在对大量资料分析研究的基础上,提出运输车用循环球转向器的性能指标和机构方案。并且采用相关数据进行机械式转向机构的设计,对各种机械转向器的利弊进行分析,进行循环球转向器的总体和零部件CAD设计。
关键词:驾驶;转向系统;转向器;设计;计算
ABSTRACT
In the process of travelling, steering is the most basic movement. We operate and control the automobile through the steering wheel, thus to achieve our intention of driving. On the modern automobile, the steering system is one of the most basic systems, it is also a essential unit which affect the automobile’s initiative secure. How to design the steering characteristic of automobile, enable the automobile to have good handling quality, which is always an important topic to various automobiles factory and the scientific research institution. Especially at the time of coming to high speed, drivers becoming personnel amateur, stream of vehicles crowded today, in view of the different crowd of driving, the design of automobile appears especially importantly.This article mainly introduc automobile steering composition and function system, and uses the correlate data to carry on the design which based on mechanical type rotation gear, carriy on the analysis to each kind of mechanical diverter advantages, designs the corresponding steering gear. Analysising the advantages and defect of different kind of streeing machinery,and carry on designing the whole and part on cad roof.
Key words:Drive; Steering System; Diverter; Design; Calculate
目 录
摘要...............................................................................................….......................…Ⅰ
Abstract.......................................................................….........................................Ⅱ
第 1 章 绪 论......................……………………............….…..... .....…...........1
1.1 引言..............................……………………............….…..... .....…...............1
1.2 国内外研究现状……………………………………………….………..…..2
1.3 设计研究的主要内容……………………………………….………..……..6
第 2 章 转向机构方案分析.....................…………................... ... ................7
2.1 齿轮齿条式转向器…………………………………………... .……………7
2.2 循环球式转向器…………………………………………... .………………9
2.3 蜗杆滚轮式转向器…………………………………………...…..…...….. 10
2.4 蜗杆指销式转向器………………………………………………..…..…...11
2.5 转向盘的尺寸及布置……………………………………………..……….11
2.6 转向轴的防伤安全措施…………………………………………..……….11
2.7 转向机构方案确定………………………………………………..……….12
2.8 本章小结…………………………………………………………..……….12
第 3 章 转向机构的参数分析与确定..………......................................…13
3.1 转向系计算载荷的确定................................................................…...........13
3.2 转向器的效率………………………………………………………..…….14
3.2.1 转向器的正效率.........……………………………………………...15
3.2.2 转向器的逆效率.........……………………………………………...16
3.3 传动比的变化特性.………...................................................................…...16
3.3.1 转向系传动比……………...........................................................….16
3.3.2 传动比与转向系角传动比的关系................................................…17
3.3.3 转向系的角传动比.…………...........................................…........…18
3.3.4 转向器角传动比及其变化规律…………………………………....18
3.4 转向器传动副的传动间隙.........................….................................…....19
3.4.1 转向器传动间隙特性……………………………………………....19
3.4.2 传动间隙特性的确定………………………………………..…..…20
3.5 转向盘的总转动圈数………………………………………………..…….22
3.6 本章小结……………………………………………………………..…….22
第 4 章 转向机构设计………………………………………….…… ..…….23
4.1 主要尺寸参数的选择........................................................................….......23
4.1.1 螺杆、钢球、螺母传动副…………………………………..……..23
4.1.2 钢球直径及数量………………………………………..…….. 23
4.1.3 滚道截面……………………………………………………..……..24
4.1.4 接触角………….…………………………………………...…….24
4.1.5 螺距和螺距导程角…………………………………………...….24
4.1.6 工作钢球圈数…………….………………………………..……25
4.2 齿条、齿扇传动副设计……………………………...................................28
4.3 滚珠螺旋传动……………………………………………………..……….32
4.3.1 工作原理与结构…………………………………………………....33
4.3.2 滚珠丝杠副轴向间隙的调整和施加预紧力的方法……………....34
4.4 单螺母预紧原理(偏置导程法)...………………………………………35
4.5 转向摇臂直径的确定………………………………………………..…….35
4.6 转向传送机构的臂、杆与球销…………………………………..……….36
4.7 本章小结…………………………………………………………..……….37
第 5 章 转向机构强度计算…………………………………………… …. .38
5.1 钢球与滚道的强度计算…………………………………………………...38
5.2 齿轮强度计算……………………………………………………………...39
5.3 轴的强度计算..............................................…………………….…………40
5.3.1 转向横拉杆稳定安全系数………………………………………....40
5.3.2 转向节臂弯曲强度验算……………………………………….…...40
5.3.3 转向摇臂弯曲强度验算……………………………………………41
5.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………...41
结论................................... ....................................................................................…42
参考文献................... ……………………………………………………………...43
致谢............................. ……………………………………………………………..44