Currently，forging method at home and abroad，mainly remains Free forging and Roll forging，Model Forging of Industrial developed countries easily outnumbered Free forging. Beca mechanical property. High strength, impact fatigue resistance. "Forge" is one of the oldest use of high production rate of Roll forging，high dimension precision of forging，high utilization ratio of material and fibrous tissue distributes the outlines of forging，so it has good production technology of human invention, is one of the important technology in mechanical manufacturing industry. It includes the forging and stamping technology, and the plastic deformation associated with technology. Forging as main methods and means of metal processing . Forging ps histiocytomarocess can ensure the continuity of metallic fibrou , consistent with appearance of fibrous tissue and forgings forging, metal flow line complete, guaranteed parts with good mechanical properties and long service life, Forging is the weight-bearing loads in the machine parts, particularly suited to the structure of small size and loading large or subject to fatigue loading parts，If we can combine The fetal membrane hammers and the swage block hammers，the Economic efficiency will obviously enhances，so Forging craft is the trend of development, we will disobey Forging principle and Forging structure technology capability if we can not understand Forging design, the result range from not forging the components to protracting the production cycle, increasing manufacturing difficulties and costing this Graduation Project, we can grasp the law of the manufacture of structural design and forging structure technology capability by analysising the structural design of a wide range of forging and the technology capability, also nimbly use the technique of manufacture, reasonably design the structural and the craft by grasping the law.    Keywords:Free forging；Roll forging；Forging craft；The fetal membrane hammers；structural
目   录
摘    要 I
Abstract II
前    言 1
第1章 绪论 3
1.1 目前锻件的应用 3
1.2 目前国内外发展概况和发展趋势 4
第2章 锻件的结构设计及工艺性分析 5
2.1 对锻造零件结构工艺性的要求 5
2.2 锻件组织特点 5
2.3 锻件的结构工艺性 5
2.3.1自由锻件的结构工艺性 5
2.3.2 模锻件的结构工艺性 9
第3章 锻件的结构设计错误示例及其改进 12
3.1 模锻件的分模位置问题 12
3.1.1 上下对称锻件的分模位置不应选在上平面或下平面 12
3.1.2 倾斜锻件不宜采用折线分模 13
3.1.3 左右对称的锻件，分模面不宜选在过度截面上 14
3.1.4 高度小于或者等于台阶直径的圆饼类锻件，不宜轴向分模 15
3.1.5 头部较大的轴类锻件不宜直线分模 16
3.2 模锻件的模锻斜度问题 17
3.2.1 模膛内侧不能与分模面垂直 17
3.2.2 同一锻件的内模斜度不应比外模斜度小 18
3.2.3 同一锻件上不宜出现多种模锻斜度 20
3.2.4 分模面两侧的模锻斜度不能相互错开 21
3.3 零件上过于复杂的部分不要锻出，应合理设计余块 21
3.3.1 对于有凸缘的锻件 22
3.3.2对于有难成形的复杂形状的锻件 23
3.3.3 对于零件相邻台阶直径相差不大的锻件 25
3.4 需增设定位块的锤上模锻件 26
3.5 模锻件连皮的问题 27
3.5.1 冲孔连皮不能太薄，也不宜太厚 27
3.5.2 锻件内孔较大时，不宜用平底连皮 28
3.5.3 锻件上的小孔不宜锻出连皮, 只进行压凹 29
3.6 对于法兰较薄的锻件，在锻件两侧各增加一块工艺凸台敷料 31
3.7 合理确定锻件的分合 32
3.7.1 单拐曲线两件合锻 32
3.7.2 轴套类零件两件合锻 33
3.7.3 复杂模锻件的分锻 34
3.7.4 有骤变横截面模锻件的分锻 35
3.8 合理确定锻件的凸肩 36
3.8.1 凸肩与锻件直径相差不大时不宜锻出凸肩 36
3.8.2 高度过小的凸肩不要锻出 37
3.9 自由锻件结构应力求简单 38
3.9.1 自由锻件应尽量避免有锥形和斜度平面 38
3.9.2 自由锻件应避免两曲面或曲面与棱柱面交接 40
3.9.3 自由锻件应避免加强筋 41
3.9.4 自由锻件不允许在基体上或在叉件内侧有凸台 42
3.9.5 大型锻件台阶余面的重量不能忽视,锻造设备不能选择过大，也不能选择太小 43
3.10 孔径小于30mm的孔，不宜锻出 45
3.11 模锻件应尽可能直接模锻成形 46
3.12 加大连接板的厚度 47
3.13 复杂锻件应成对称形状，可使模具和夹具通用 48
3.14 合理选择锻件上的倒圆半径 49
3.15 不能忽视预锻成型 50
3.16 平锻机上终锻成形时的冲孔芯料不能太薄 51
3.17 合理安排毛刺、飞边的位置 52
第4章 结论 54
参 考 文 献 55
致    谢 56

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