设计简介
摘 要：桥式起重机是一种工作性能比较稳定，工作效率比较高的起重机。随着我国制造业的发展，桥式起重机越来越多的应用到工业生产当中。在工厂中搬运重物，机床上下件，装运工作吊装零部件，流水在线的定点工作等都要用到起重机。在查阅相关文献的基础上，综述了桥式起重机的开发和研究成果,重点对桥式起重机大车运行机构、端梁、主梁、焊缝及连接进行设计并进行强度核算,主要是进行端梁的抗震性设计及强度计算和支承处的接触应力分析计计算过程。设计包括电动机,减速器,联轴器,轴承的选择和校核。设计中参考了许多相关数据, 运用多种途径, 利用现有的条件来完成设计。本次设计通过反复考虑多种设计方案, 认真思考, 反复核算, 力求设计合理;通过采取计算机辅助设计方法以及参考他人的经验, 力求有所创新;通过计算机辅助设计方法, 绘图和设计计算都充分发挥计算机的强大辅助功能, 力求设计高效。
关键词:桥式起重机；大车运行机构；主梁；端梁；焊缝；
Abstract：Bridge crane is a kind of performance is stability, the working efficiency is relatively high crane. Along with the development of China's manufacturing industry,bridge crane is widely used in industrial production . Carrying heavy loads in factories , machine tool fluctuation pieces, shipping work on the assembly line for hoisting parts, the designated work with a crane.On the basis of literature review, summarized the bridge crane development and research results, focusing on bridge crane during operation organization, main beam,end beam weld and connection for design and the strength calculation; Mainly for the girders extent design and strength calculation and the support of contact stress analysis program in calculation. Design including motor, reducer, coupling, bearing choosing and checking. The design refer to many related information, reference to apply a variety of ways, make the existing conditions to complete design. By considering various design scheme repeatedly, thinking deeply,strive to design reasonable; By taking computer aided design method and reference the experience of others,strive to make innovation; Through computer aided design method, graphics and design calculations give full play to the powerful auxiliary function, computer to design efficient.
Keywords: bridge crane; during operation organization; main beam; end beam; weld;
目 录
摘 要……………………………………………………………………………………1
关键词……………………………………………………………………………………1
1 绪论 …………………………………………………………………………………2
1.1 起重机背景及其理论 ……………………………………………………………2
1.2 实际意义 …………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究现状及存在问题 ……………………………………………………………3
1.4 起重机国内与国外发展动向 ……………………………………………………3
1.4.1 国内桥式起重机发展动向 ……………………………………………………4
1.4.2 国外起重机的发展动向 ………………………………………………………4
1.5 单粱桥式起重机设计的总体方案 ………………………………………………5
1.5.1 主梁和桥架的设计 ……………………………………………………………5
1.5.2 端梁的设计 ……………………………………………………………………5
2 大车运行机构的设计 ………………………………………………………………5
2.1 设计的基本原则和要求 …………………………………………………………5
2.1.1 机构的传动方案 ………………………………………………………………6
2.1.2 大车运行机构具体布置的主要问题 …………………………………………6
2.2 大车运行机构的计算 ……………………………………………………………6
2.2.1 确定机构传动方案 ……………………………………………………………7
2.2.2 选择车轮与轨道，并验算其强度 ……………………………………………7
2.2.3 运行阻力计算 …………………………………………………………………9
2.2.4 选择电动机 …………………………………………………………………10
2.2.5 验算电动机的发热功率条件 ………………………………………………10
2.2.6 减速器的选择 ……………………………………………………………10
2.2.7 验算运行速度和实际所需功率 ……………………………………………11
2.2.8 验算起动时间 ………………………………………………………………11
2.2.9 起动工况下校核减速器功率 ……………………………………………12
2.2.10 验算启动不打滑条件………………………………………………………13
2.2.11 选择制动器…………………………………………………………………14
2.2.12 选择联轴器…………………………………………………………………15
2.2.13 浮动轴的验算………………………………………………………………16
2.2.14 缓冲器的选择………………………………………………………………17
3 端梁的设计 ………………………………………………………………………18
3.1 端梁的尺寸的确定 ……………………………………………………………18
3.1.1 端梁的截面尺寸 ……………………………………………………………18
3.1.2 端梁总体的尺寸 ……………………………………………………………18
3.2 端梁的计算 ……………………………………………………………………19
3.3 主要焊缝的计算 ………………………………………………………………22
3.3.1 端梁端部上翼缘焊缝 ………………………………………………………22
3.3.2 盖板翼缘焊缝的剪应力验算 ………………………………………………22
3.4 梁垂直刚度校核 ………………………………………………………………23
3.5 梁水平刚度校核 ………………………………………………………………23
4 端梁接头的设计 …………………………………………………………………24
4.1 端梁接头的确定及计算 ………………………………………………………24
4.1.1 腹板和下盖板螺栓受力计算 ………………………………………………24
4.1.2 上盖板和腹板角钢的连接焊缝受计算 ……………………………………26
4.2 计算螺栓和焊缝的强度 ………………………………………………………26
4.2.1 螺栓的强度校核 ……………………………………………………………26
4.2.2 焊缝的强度校核 ……………………………………………………………26
5 焊接工艺设计 ……………………………………………………………………27
总结……………………………………………………………………………………30
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………31
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………32
关键词:桥式起重机；大车运行机构；主梁；端梁；焊缝；
Abstract：Bridge crane is a kind of performance is stability, the working efficiency is relatively high crane. Along with the development of China's manufacturing industry,bridge crane is widely used in industrial production . Carrying heavy loads in factories , machine tool fluctuation pieces, shipping work on the assembly line for hoisting parts, the designated work with a crane.On the basis of literature review, summarized the bridge crane development and research results, focusing on bridge crane during operation organization, main beam,end beam weld and connection for design and the strength calculation; Mainly for the girders extent design and strength calculation and the support of contact stress analysis program in calculation. Design including motor, reducer, coupling, bearing choosing and checking. The design refer to many related information, reference to apply a variety of ways, make the existing conditions to complete design. By considering various design scheme repeatedly, thinking deeply,strive to design reasonable; By taking computer aided design method and reference the experience of others,strive to make innovation; Through computer aided design method, graphics and design calculations give full play to the powerful auxiliary function, computer to design efficient.
Keywords: bridge crane; during operation organization; main beam; end beam; weld;
目 录
摘 要……………………………………………………………………………………1
关键词……………………………………………………………………………………1
1 绪论 …………………………………………………………………………………2
1.1 起重机背景及其理论 ……………………………………………………………2
1.2 实际意义 …………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究现状及存在问题 ……………………………………………………………3
1.4 起重机国内与国外发展动向 ……………………………………………………3
1.4.1 国内桥式起重机发展动向 ……………………………………………………4
1.4.2 国外起重机的发展动向 ………………………………………………………4
1.5 单粱桥式起重机设计的总体方案 ………………………………………………5
1.5.1 主梁和桥架的设计 ……………………………………………………………5
1.5.2 端梁的设计 ……………………………………………………………………5
2 大车运行机构的设计 ………………………………………………………………5
2.1 设计的基本原则和要求 …………………………………………………………5
2.1.1 机构的传动方案 ………………………………………………………………6
2.1.2 大车运行机构具体布置的主要问题 …………………………………………6
2.2 大车运行机构的计算 ……………………………………………………………6
2.2.1 确定机构传动方案 ……………………………………………………………7
2.2.2 选择车轮与轨道，并验算其强度 ……………………………………………7
2.2.3 运行阻力计算 …………………………………………………………………9
2.2.4 选择电动机 …………………………………………………………………10
2.2.5 验算电动机的发热功率条件 ………………………………………………10
2.2.6 减速器的选择 ……………………………………………………………10
2.2.7 验算运行速度和实际所需功率 ……………………………………………11
2.2.8 验算起动时间 ………………………………………………………………11
2.2.9 起动工况下校核减速器功率 ……………………………………………12
2.2.10 验算启动不打滑条件………………………………………………………13
2.2.11 选择制动器…………………………………………………………………14
2.2.12 选择联轴器…………………………………………………………………15
2.2.13 浮动轴的验算………………………………………………………………16
2.2.14 缓冲器的选择………………………………………………………………17
3 端梁的设计 ………………………………………………………………………18
3.1 端梁的尺寸的确定 ……………………………………………………………18
3.1.1 端梁的截面尺寸 ……………………………………………………………18
3.1.2 端梁总体的尺寸 ……………………………………………………………18
3.2 端梁的计算 ……………………………………………………………………19
3.3 主要焊缝的计算 ………………………………………………………………22
3.3.1 端梁端部上翼缘焊缝 ………………………………………………………22
3.3.2 盖板翼缘焊缝的剪应力验算 ………………………………………………22
3.4 梁垂直刚度校核 ………………………………………………………………23
3.5 梁水平刚度校核 ………………………………………………………………23
4 端梁接头的设计 …………………………………………………………………24
4.1 端梁接头的确定及计算 ………………………………………………………24
4.1.1 腹板和下盖板螺栓受力计算 ………………………………………………24
4.1.2 上盖板和腹板角钢的连接焊缝受计算 ……………………………………26
4.2 计算螺栓和焊缝的强度 ………………………………………………………26
4.2.1 螺栓的强度校核 ……………………………………………………………26
4.2.2 焊缝的强度校核 ……………………………………………………………26
5 焊接工艺设计 ……………………………………………………………………27
总结……………………………………………………………………………………30
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………31
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………32
