设计简介
摘 要
针对大多数企业,具有数量众多和较长使用寿命的普通机床，其加工精度较低、不能批量生产，自动化程度不高，自适应性差，但考虑投资成本，产业的连续性，又不能马上被淘汰。
数控机床作为机电液气一体化的典型产品，能解决机械制造中结构复杂、精密、批量、零件多变的问题，加工质量稳定，生产效率较高。
购买新的数控机床是提高产品质量和效率的重要途径,但是成本高，许多企业在短时间内无法实现，这严重阻碍企业设备更新的步伐。为此把普通机床数控化改造，不失为一条投资少、提升产品质量及生产效率的捷径，提升企业竞争力，在我国成为制造强国的进程中，占有一席之地。本文的主要内容有：
1．对普通车床数控化改造经济性评价详细论证，确定普通车床数控化改造方案；
2．对进给系统的滚珠丝杠型号选择与装配设计，支承方式的设计与轴承型号选择，步进电机选择等进行了详细研究；
3．对常用进口数控装置系统和国产数控装置系统进行仔细比较，根据所改造的性能和精度指标来选配数控装置系统和自动刀架型号，提出选择方法；
4.为保持切削螺纹的功能，仔细研究了在主轴上安装脉冲发生器的选型，脉冲发生器直接与主轴间连接方法，并形成了相应的技术图；
5.拆卸普通机床，甩掉原有进给箱等，对主传动系统的进行大修，滑板贴塑与铲刮调试，对机床相关部件和参数进行测绘、测量；
6.绘出相应的零件图和装备图；
7．给出普通车床数控化改造的安装、调试方法。
关键词：普通车床、数控、改造
ABSTRACT
Most enterprises still have large amounts general-purpose machine tools which have longevity of service, low precision, can not adapt to mass production, low automatization and adaptability, but can not be washed out because of its low cost and continuity of enterprise’s production.
As a representative production of mechanical, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic integration, numerically controlled machines have a stabilization quality and high efficiency, and can solve problems such as complex structure, high precision, mass production, part variety in machining.
Purchasing new numerically controlled machines is an important way to improve production precision and efficiency, but it may not come true to many enterprises because it cost much. Enterprises’ equipment updating step are counteracted severly. So General lathe's numerically controlled reforming is a quick way that costs less, improve production precision and efficiency, and it can improve enterprises’ competitive power. So it can takes its place in our way to a powerful manufacturing country. The main contents is:
1. The economical efficiency of the reform is evaluated in detail and the reforming scheme is maked according to misty optimum’s synthesize adjudicate principle.
2. The ball screw’s type, assembling, supporting, bearing type, and stepping motorof feeding system is designed.
3. The import and domestic NC systems were compared carefully, brought up a choose method and selected the NC system and automatic tool rest according to the function and accuracy index of reforming.
4. In order to protect the function of cutting a screw ,we carefully studied the impulse regulator and its connection with the principal axis, and draw out a techniquediagram.
5. Disassembled the lathe, throw away the old feeding system, repaired the main driving system ,covered plastics on sliding surface, shoveling or scraping and testing, counted or measured the parts of the lathe.
6. Draw out parts diagrams and assemble diagram.
7 .Methods of installing and testing of general purpose lathe’s numerically controlled reforming were put forward.
Key words: General purpose lathe、 Numerical control(NC)、Reform
目录
1 前言 6
1.1 问题的提出 6
1.1.1国内外数控系统发展概况 6
1.1.2国内外数控技术发展趋势 7
1.1.3智能化新一代PCNC数控系统 7
1.2 普通机床数控改造的经济性评价 8
1.2.1微观看改造的必要性 8
1.2.2宏观看改造的必要性 9
1.3 普通机床数控化改造市场 9
1.3.1改造的市场 9
1.3.2进口设备和生产线的数控化改造市场 10
2.设计要求 3
2.1总体方案设计要求 3
2.2设计参数 4
2.3.其它要求 4
3.进给伺服系统机械部分设计与计算 8
3.1进给系统机械结构改造设计 9
3.2横向进给伺服系统机械部分的计算与选型 10
3.2.1确定系统的脉冲当量 10
3.3.3 横向滚珠丝杠螺母副的型号选择与校核步骤 14
3.3.4齿轮有关计算 16
3.3.4 (2)横向齿轮及转矩的有关计算 20
4. 步进电动机的计算与选型 23
4.1步进电动机选用的基本原则 23
4.2步进电动机的选折 24
5.主轴交流伺服电机 24
5.1机床主运动电机的确定 26
5.2主轴的变速范围 26
5.3初选主轴电机的型号 27
5.4主轴电机的校核 27
7．安装调整中应注意的问题 31
7.1滚珠丝杠副的特点 31
7.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的选择 32
7.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的调整 32
7.4联轴器的安装 32
7.5主轴脉冲发生器的安装 32
结论 35
参考文献 36
针对大多数企业,具有数量众多和较长使用寿命的普通机床，其加工精度较低、不能批量生产，自动化程度不高，自适应性差，但考虑投资成本，产业的连续性，又不能马上被淘汰。
数控机床作为机电液气一体化的典型产品，能解决机械制造中结构复杂、精密、批量、零件多变的问题，加工质量稳定，生产效率较高。
购买新的数控机床是提高产品质量和效率的重要途径,但是成本高，许多企业在短时间内无法实现，这严重阻碍企业设备更新的步伐。为此把普通机床数控化改造，不失为一条投资少、提升产品质量及生产效率的捷径，提升企业竞争力，在我国成为制造强国的进程中，占有一席之地。本文的主要内容有：
1．对普通车床数控化改造经济性评价详细论证，确定普通车床数控化改造方案；
2．对进给系统的滚珠丝杠型号选择与装配设计，支承方式的设计与轴承型号选择，步进电机选择等进行了详细研究；
3．对常用进口数控装置系统和国产数控装置系统进行仔细比较，根据所改造的性能和精度指标来选配数控装置系统和自动刀架型号，提出选择方法；
4.为保持切削螺纹的功能，仔细研究了在主轴上安装脉冲发生器的选型，脉冲发生器直接与主轴间连接方法，并形成了相应的技术图；
5.拆卸普通机床，甩掉原有进给箱等，对主传动系统的进行大修，滑板贴塑与铲刮调试，对机床相关部件和参数进行测绘、测量；
6.绘出相应的零件图和装备图；
7．给出普通车床数控化改造的安装、调试方法。
关键词：普通车床、数控、改造
ABSTRACT
Most enterprises still have large amounts general-purpose machine tools which have longevity of service, low precision, can not adapt to mass production, low automatization and adaptability, but can not be washed out because of its low cost and continuity of enterprise’s production.
As a representative production of mechanical, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic integration, numerically controlled machines have a stabilization quality and high efficiency, and can solve problems such as complex structure, high precision, mass production, part variety in machining.
Purchasing new numerically controlled machines is an important way to improve production precision and efficiency, but it may not come true to many enterprises because it cost much. Enterprises’ equipment updating step are counteracted severly. So General lathe's numerically controlled reforming is a quick way that costs less, improve production precision and efficiency, and it can improve enterprises’ competitive power. So it can takes its place in our way to a powerful manufacturing country. The main contents is:
1. The economical efficiency of the reform is evaluated in detail and the reforming scheme is maked according to misty optimum’s synthesize adjudicate principle.
2. The ball screw’s type, assembling, supporting, bearing type, and stepping motorof feeding system is designed.
3. The import and domestic NC systems were compared carefully, brought up a choose method and selected the NC system and automatic tool rest according to the function and accuracy index of reforming.
4. In order to protect the function of cutting a screw ,we carefully studied the impulse regulator and its connection with the principal axis, and draw out a techniquediagram.
5. Disassembled the lathe, throw away the old feeding system, repaired the main driving system ,covered plastics on sliding surface, shoveling or scraping and testing, counted or measured the parts of the lathe.
6. Draw out parts diagrams and assemble diagram.
7 .Methods of installing and testing of general purpose lathe’s numerically controlled reforming were put forward.
Key words: General purpose lathe、 Numerical control(NC)、Reform
目录
1 前言 6
1.1 问题的提出 6
1.1.1国内外数控系统发展概况 6
1.1.2国内外数控技术发展趋势 7
1.1.3智能化新一代PCNC数控系统 7
1.2 普通机床数控改造的经济性评价 8
1.2.1微观看改造的必要性 8
1.2.2宏观看改造的必要性 9
1.3 普通机床数控化改造市场 9
1.3.1改造的市场 9
1.3.2进口设备和生产线的数控化改造市场 10
2.设计要求 3
2.1总体方案设计要求 3
2.2设计参数 4
2.3.其它要求 4
3.进给伺服系统机械部分设计与计算 8
3.1进给系统机械结构改造设计 9
3.2横向进给伺服系统机械部分的计算与选型 10
3.2.1确定系统的脉冲当量 10
3.3.3 横向滚珠丝杠螺母副的型号选择与校核步骤 14
3.3.4齿轮有关计算 16
3.3.4 (2)横向齿轮及转矩的有关计算 20
4. 步进电动机的计算与选型 23
4.1步进电动机选用的基本原则 23
4.2步进电动机的选折 24
5.主轴交流伺服电机 24
5.1机床主运动电机的确定 26
5.2主轴的变速范围 26
5.3初选主轴电机的型号 27
5.4主轴电机的校核 27
7．安装调整中应注意的问题 31
7.1滚珠丝杠副的特点 31
7.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的选择 32
7.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的调整 32
7.4联轴器的安装 32
7.5主轴脉冲发生器的安装 32
结论 35
参考文献 36
