设计简介
在这次设计中，我主要负责转向系统及前悬架系统的设计。经过收集各类型的悬架的资料，实车观测，老师的指导。在研究了各类型的独立，非独立悬架系统之后，总结了其各自特点，认识到了各自优劣，分析对比之后，最终确定本车悬架系统：麦弗逊前独立悬架。
在前悬的设计中主要围绕麦弗逊独立悬架展开。前期的工作主要是收集相关资料，信息，在此过程中，其结构是研究的重点。计算主要集中在了弹性元件—普通圆形螺旋弹簧的各个重要参数。如，弹簧刚度，中径，弹簧钢丝直径等等。随后对这些数据进行了必要的校核。
最后对减振器和横向稳定器的结构以及它们在整个悬架系统中的作用进行了一些探讨。
转向系统设计内容主要包括转向系统形式的选择、转向器的选择、转向梯形的选择及其布置。
我们所设计的车型是小排量车，鉴于我国路面质量的逐步提高和作用于方向盘的作用力(144.865N-177.06N)不是很大，故在设计中考虑采用机械式转向系统。
由于齿轮齿条式转向器与其他的转向器相比，虽然其逆效率很高，但其具有结构简单、紧凑、壳体采用铝合金或者镁合金压铸而成，转向器质量比较小、传动效率高达90％以上，因此本设计选用齿轮齿条式转向器。
由于我们设计的车前悬比较短，发动机占有的空间相对来说很大，且由于转向系统转向梯形最小传动角和转向器的安装距离有很大的关系，综合以上因素我采用后置式转向梯形。
关键词：独立悬架，麦弗逊式，机械式转向系，齿轮齿条式转向器。
ABSTRACT
In this graduation design, I am responsible for automobile's steering system and the front suspension system design of the miniature motorcar to carry persons and goods with 4 seats mainly..In weeks ,I work hard to get the more useful information to do my work better. With the helping of Mr Li and other teachers ,and observation on vehicle in laboratory .I got a conclusion : the front independent McPherson suspension is the best form for this automotive .
All focus on elastic part .Because elastic is the most important part in them .And I have got some important data for my design work . If I can’t get those data ,I could not do my work in the following days .I get many data ,but for front independent McPherson suspension the main thing is about spring , such as spring rate ,middle diameter ,spring wire diameter and so on .spring rate is the most important data for my independent suspension ,it do many influence about suspension.
In the last I discussion shock absorber and anti-roll-bar a little,and involve the basic of them and the important usefully in modern car’s suspension.
Because the motortcar we design is a kind of small output volume, seeing that the gradual improvement of the road surface quality of our country and effort of acting on the steering wheel are not very large, so I choose the manual steering system.
Compared with others steering gear, though the negative efficiency of the rack and pinion steering gear is high, but it have of simple structure, compactness, shell adopt aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy die casting, the weight of the rack and pinion steering system is much smaller than others, transmission efficiency is up to more than 90%, so in this design I choose the rack and pinion steering system.
Because the front overhang of the car is very short and the engine occupied comparatively very big space, what is more, the minimum transmission angle of the Ackerman steering has a very close relation with installation distance of the steering gear, so I choose fit the Ackerman steering in the back of the car conceding all those factor above.
KEY WORDS : independent suspension,MacPherson，the manual steering system, the rack and pinion steering gear
目 录
第一章 前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
第二章 汽车转向系设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
§2.1 概述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
§2.2 转向系的设计要求．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
第三章 转向器、转向传动操纵机构、转向传动机构．．．．．．．．．9
§3.1 转向器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
§3.2 转向操纵机构．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
§3.3 转向传动机构和布置．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
第四章 转向系有关的计算及校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
§4.1 转向系主要性能参数．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
§4.2 转向器有关参数的设计计算及校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
§4.3 转向传动机构的设计计算与强度校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15
第五章 悬架结构方案分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.1 悬架的功用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.2 悬架系统的组成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.3 悬架的类型及其特点．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
第六章 前悬架的设计计算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.1 弹簧形式的选择．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.2 弹簧参数的计算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.3 弹簧的校验．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27
第七章 减震器的结构原理及其功用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
§7.1 减震器的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
§7.2 减震器的结构．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
§7.3 减震器的工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
§7.4 减振器主要尺寸的确定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
第八章 横向稳定器的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32
第九章 结论．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．35
致谢．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 36
在前悬的设计中主要围绕麦弗逊独立悬架展开。前期的工作主要是收集相关资料，信息，在此过程中，其结构是研究的重点。计算主要集中在了弹性元件—普通圆形螺旋弹簧的各个重要参数。如，弹簧刚度，中径，弹簧钢丝直径等等。随后对这些数据进行了必要的校核。
最后对减振器和横向稳定器的结构以及它们在整个悬架系统中的作用进行了一些探讨。
转向系统设计内容主要包括转向系统形式的选择、转向器的选择、转向梯形的选择及其布置。
我们所设计的车型是小排量车，鉴于我国路面质量的逐步提高和作用于方向盘的作用力(144.865N-177.06N)不是很大，故在设计中考虑采用机械式转向系统。
由于齿轮齿条式转向器与其他的转向器相比，虽然其逆效率很高，但其具有结构简单、紧凑、壳体采用铝合金或者镁合金压铸而成，转向器质量比较小、传动效率高达90％以上，因此本设计选用齿轮齿条式转向器。
由于我们设计的车前悬比较短，发动机占有的空间相对来说很大，且由于转向系统转向梯形最小传动角和转向器的安装距离有很大的关系，综合以上因素我采用后置式转向梯形。
关键词：独立悬架，麦弗逊式，机械式转向系，齿轮齿条式转向器。
ABSTRACT
In this graduation design, I am responsible for automobile's steering system and the front suspension system design of the miniature motorcar to carry persons and goods with 4 seats mainly..In weeks ,I work hard to get the more useful information to do my work better. With the helping of Mr Li and other teachers ,and observation on vehicle in laboratory .I got a conclusion : the front independent McPherson suspension is the best form for this automotive .
All focus on elastic part .Because elastic is the most important part in them .And I have got some important data for my design work . If I can’t get those data ,I could not do my work in the following days .I get many data ,but for front independent McPherson suspension the main thing is about spring , such as spring rate ,middle diameter ,spring wire diameter and so on .spring rate is the most important data for my independent suspension ,it do many influence about suspension.
In the last I discussion shock absorber and anti-roll-bar a little,and involve the basic of them and the important usefully in modern car’s suspension.
Because the motortcar we design is a kind of small output volume, seeing that the gradual improvement of the road surface quality of our country and effort of acting on the steering wheel are not very large, so I choose the manual steering system.
Compared with others steering gear, though the negative efficiency of the rack and pinion steering gear is high, but it have of simple structure, compactness, shell adopt aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy die casting, the weight of the rack and pinion steering system is much smaller than others, transmission efficiency is up to more than 90%, so in this design I choose the rack and pinion steering system.
Because the front overhang of the car is very short and the engine occupied comparatively very big space, what is more, the minimum transmission angle of the Ackerman steering has a very close relation with installation distance of the steering gear, so I choose fit the Ackerman steering in the back of the car conceding all those factor above.
KEY WORDS : independent suspension,MacPherson，the manual steering system, the rack and pinion steering gear
目 录
第一章 前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
第二章 汽车转向系设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
§2.1 概述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
§2.2 转向系的设计要求．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
第三章 转向器、转向传动操纵机构、转向传动机构．．．．．．．．．9
§3.1 转向器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
§3.2 转向操纵机构．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
§3.3 转向传动机构和布置．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
第四章 转向系有关的计算及校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
§4.1 转向系主要性能参数．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
§4.2 转向器有关参数的设计计算及校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
§4.3 转向传动机构的设计计算与强度校核．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15
第五章 悬架结构方案分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.1 悬架的功用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.2 悬架系统的组成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
§5.3 悬架的类型及其特点．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
第六章 前悬架的设计计算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.1 弹簧形式的选择．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.2 弹簧参数的计算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
§6.3 弹簧的校验．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27
第七章 减震器的结构原理及其功用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
§7.1 减震器的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
§7.2 减震器的结构．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
§7.3 减震器的工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
§7.4 减振器主要尺寸的确定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
第八章 横向稳定器的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32
第九章 结论．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．35
致谢．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 36
