设计简介
摘要
XK-350开炼机是橡胶、塑料机械中最常用、最基本的设备之一，主要用于生胶的塑炼、胶料的混炼、混炼胶的热炼等。目前，我国开炼机技术虽然发展很快、生产品种也较多，但与工业发达国家相比还有一定差距，有向着个性化与智能化方向发展的趋势。本文主要对XK-350开炼机进行了设计和计算，包括电机和减速器的选用，工作机的设计工作机主要的零部件和辅助部件设计，制图软件的使用等。本文在结构设计方面，采用少齿差行星齿轮减速器替代以往的圆柱齿轮减速器，结构更为简单紧凑，降低了生产成本。并针对安全生产问题，增加了安全装置，为以后该机械的设计提供参考依据。
随着技术的不断发展，开炼机的结构和性能有了很大改进。在新式开炼机中，采用液压马达作为动力传动装置，使传动平稳，噪音降低；采用自动调心滚柱轴承火填充MC尼龙轴衬作为辊筒轴承，以节约电能或轴衬铜材，并简化维护保养；调距装置采用液压结构，具有过载保护功能，调距方便，并可指示工作横压力值；为了适应炼胶工艺的要求，大规格开炼机采用圆周钻孔辊筒，提高温控效果。此外，为安装方便，采用橡胶防震垫取代地脚螺栓；在中小规格开炼机上采用电气制动，简化了制动装置，提高了制动效果。开炼机的一系列改进，使其在技术上达到了一个新的水平。
使用开炼机对胶料进行塑炼，是最早应用的一种塑炼方法。它是将生橡胶胶块置于两辊筒之间，借助于辊筒的剪切力作用使橡胶的分子链受到拉伸而断裂，从而获得可塑性。使用开炼机塑炼，其塑炼温度通常控制在100℃以下，这种塑炼属于低温机械式塑炼。
采用开炼机塑炼的优点是塑炼胶的可塑性均匀、热可塑性小；所得
XK-350开炼机是橡胶、塑料机械中最常用、最基本的设备之一，主要用于生胶的塑炼、胶料的混炼、混炼胶的热炼等。目前，我国开炼机技术虽然发展很快、生产品种也较多，但与工业发达国家相比还有一定差距，有向着个性化与智能化方向发展的趋势。本文主要对XK-350开炼机进行了设计和计算，包括电机和减速器的选用，工作机的设计工作机主要的零部件和辅助部件设计，制图软件的使用等。本文在结构设计方面，采用少齿差行星齿轮减速器替代以往的圆柱齿轮减速器，结构更为简单紧凑，降低了生产成本。并针对安全生产问题，增加了安全装置，为以后该机械的设计提供参考依据。
随着技术的不断发展，开炼机的结构和性能有了很大改进。在新式开炼机中，采用液压马达作为动力传动装置，使传动平稳，噪音降低；采用自动调心滚柱轴承火填充MC尼龙轴衬作为辊筒轴承，以节约电能或轴衬铜材，并简化维护保养；调距装置采用液压结构，具有过载保护功能，调距方便，并可指示工作横压力值；为了适应炼胶工艺的要求，大规格开炼机采用圆周钻孔辊筒，提高温控效果。此外，为安装方便，采用橡胶防震垫取代地脚螺栓；在中小规格开炼机上采用电气制动，简化了制动装置，提高了制动效果。开炼机的一系列改进，使其在技术上达到了一个新的水平。
使用开炼机对胶料进行塑炼，是最早应用的一种塑炼方法。它是将生橡胶胶块置于两辊筒之间，借助于辊筒的剪切力作用使橡胶的分子链受到拉伸而断裂，从而获得可塑性。使用开炼机塑炼，其塑炼温度通常控制在100℃以下，这种塑炼属于低温机械式塑炼。
采用开炼机塑炼的优点是塑炼胶的可塑性均匀、热可塑性小；所得
胶料的收縮性能小; 设备的工艺灵活性较强，适用面宽，投资；较小。因此，开炼机适用于胶种变化多、生产（胶料）用量较少的橡胶制品企业。开炼机塑炼的缺点是操作劳动强度大、生产效率较低、工作条件差。
网上查询《青岛科技大学学报（自然科学版）》，书中提到：开炼机是一种古老的橡胶、塑料加工设备,随着科学技术的发展,各种各样的新型炼胶、炼塑设备层出不穷,但开炼机并没因此被淘汰,而是随着橡胶、塑料工业的迅速发展,以及橡塑并用的兴起而日益兴旺。其原因是开炼机有着它自身的独到之处:结构简单,设备投资少,易操作,易观察。我认为这恰恰是开炼机在今天能仍有一席之地的原因。
查阅《橡胶工业手册》：其中关于开炼机安全装置的叙述不叫详尽以及先进;为保护开炼机主要零部件在机器由于发生意外情况而过载时不受损坏，在辊筒轴承前端装有安全装置。基本机构有两种（一）安全片。对安全片的技术要求：1，材料采用HT150；2，厚度误差不大于0.05mm；3，每批材料要经过试验后确定厚度；4，安全片的破坏载荷Q为每个轴承最大水平横压力的1.5倍。（二）液压安全装置。其原理是当机器发生故障，油压上升，电接点压力表指示动针与调定最大横压力值的固定针相接处时，机器立即停车，放大辊距是负压降低。其中液压调距装置我比较感兴趣让我想起液压可所学知识结合起来分析一下，感觉很有意思。又重新学习一下淡忘的知识。
关键词：开炼机；液压马达；塑炼；减速器；调心滚珠轴承；
网上查询《青岛科技大学学报（自然科学版）》，书中提到：开炼机是一种古老的橡胶、塑料加工设备,随着科学技术的发展,各种各样的新型炼胶、炼塑设备层出不穷,但开炼机并没因此被淘汰,而是随着橡胶、塑料工业的迅速发展,以及橡塑并用的兴起而日益兴旺。其原因是开炼机有着它自身的独到之处:结构简单,设备投资少,易操作,易观察。我认为这恰恰是开炼机在今天能仍有一席之地的原因。
查阅《橡胶工业手册》：其中关于开炼机安全装置的叙述不叫详尽以及先进;为保护开炼机主要零部件在机器由于发生意外情况而过载时不受损坏，在辊筒轴承前端装有安全装置。基本机构有两种（一）安全片。对安全片的技术要求：1，材料采用HT150；2，厚度误差不大于0.05mm；3，每批材料要经过试验后确定厚度；4，安全片的破坏载荷Q为每个轴承最大水平横压力的1.5倍。（二）液压安全装置。其原理是当机器发生故障，油压上升，电接点压力表指示动针与调定最大横压力值的固定针相接处时，机器立即停车，放大辊距是负压降低。其中液压调距装置我比较感兴趣让我想起液压可所学知识结合起来分析一下，感觉很有意思。又重新学习一下淡忘的知识。
关键词：开炼机；液压马达；塑炼；减速器；调心滚珠轴承；
Abstract
XK-350 open mill rubber, plastics machinery of the most common and one of the most basic equipment,mainly for raw rubber mastication, rubber mixing, mix the soak and the like. At present,open mill technology has developed rapidly, producing more varieties, but compared with theindustrialized countries there is a gap, there is a tendency toward personalization and intelligent direction of development. This paper focuses on XK-350 mill machine design and calculations, including the motor and gear selection, working machine design, Pro / ENGINEER wlife assisted design software, the main working machine components and accessories design, mapping software use and so on. In this paper, the structural design, the use of small teeth difference planetary gear reducer replace conventional cylindrical gear reducer, the structure is more simple and compact, reducing production costs. And for safety issues, increased safety device, provide a reference for the future of mechanical design.
With the continuous development of technology, structure and properties of open mill has been greatly improved. In the new open mill, a hydraulic motor as a power transmission device, so smooth transmission, noise reduction; using self-aligning roller bearings fire filled MC nylon bushing as roller bearings, bushings to save power or copper, and simplify maintenance; pitch device hydraulic structure, with overload protection, easy to pitch, and may direct the work of the cross pressure; mixing process in order to meet the requirements of large-sized open mill using roller circumferential drilling, raise temperature control effect. In addition, easy installation, replace the bolt with rubber shock pad; use in small and medium size electric brake on the open mill, simpler braking device to increase the braking effect. Open mill a
XK-350 open mill rubber, plastics machinery of the most common and one of the most basic equipment,mainly for raw rubber mastication, rubber mixing, mix the soak and the like. At present,open mill technology has developed rapidly, producing more varieties, but compared with theindustrialized countries there is a gap, there is a tendency toward personalization and intelligent direction of development. This paper focuses on XK-350 mill machine design and calculations, including the motor and gear selection, working machine design, Pro / ENGINEER wlife assisted design software, the main working machine components and accessories design, mapping software use and so on. In this paper, the structural design, the use of small teeth difference planetary gear reducer replace conventional cylindrical gear reducer, the structure is more simple and compact, reducing production costs. And for safety issues, increased safety device, provide a reference for the future of mechanical design.
With the continuous development of technology, structure and properties of open mill has been greatly improved. In the new open mill, a hydraulic motor as a power transmission device, so smooth transmission, noise reduction; using self-aligning roller bearings fire filled MC nylon bushing as roller bearings, bushings to save power or copper, and simplify maintenance; pitch device hydraulic structure, with overload protection, easy to pitch, and may direct the work of the cross pressure; mixing process in order to meet the requirements of large-sized open mill using roller circumferential drilling, raise temperature control effect. In addition, easy installation, replace the bolt with rubber shock pad; use in small and medium size electric brake on the open mill, simpler braking device to increase the braking effect. Open mill a
series of improvements to the technology has reached a new level.
Use of rubber open mill mastication, mastication is a method of the first application. It is the raw rubber block is placed between two rollers, shear force by means of the roll so that the molecular chain of rubber is stretched and broken to obtain plasticity. Use open mill mastication, which mastication temperature is generally controlled at below 100 ℃, belonging to such a low temperature mechanical mastication mastication.
The advantages of using open mill mastication plasticity Plastic compounds are uniformly thermoplastic small; small shrinkage properties of the resulting plastic material; the flexibility of the process equipment is strong for wide investment; small. Accordingly, a refining machine for plastic types changing, production (rubber) less the amount of rubber products businesses. The disadvantage of open mill mastication operating labor-intensive, low productivity, poor working conditions.
Online inquiry "Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition)", mentioned in the book: the open mill is an old rubber, plastics processing equipment, with the development of science and technology, a variety of new mixing, refining plastic device after another, but did not open mill therefore be eliminated, but with the rubber, the rapid development of the plastics industry, as well as the rise of rubber and used increasingly prosperous. The reason is an open mill has its own unique: simple structure, less investment in equipment, easy to operate, easy to observe. I think this is precisely the open mill is still in place today can cause.
Now "Rubber Industry Handbook": which describes the safety devices on the open mill is not called exhaustive and advanced; for the protection of open mill major components in the machine as a result of unforeseen circumstances overload from damage, the front end of the roller bearing mounted safety devices. There are two basic mechanisms (a) security chip. Security sheet
Use of rubber open mill mastication, mastication is a method of the first application. It is the raw rubber block is placed between two rollers, shear force by means of the roll so that the molecular chain of rubber is stretched and broken to obtain plasticity. Use open mill mastication, which mastication temperature is generally controlled at below 100 ℃, belonging to such a low temperature mechanical mastication mastication.
The advantages of using open mill mastication plasticity Plastic compounds are uniformly thermoplastic small; small shrinkage properties of the resulting plastic material; the flexibility of the process equipment is strong for wide investment; small. Accordingly, a refining machine for plastic types changing, production (rubber) less the amount of rubber products businesses. The disadvantage of open mill mastication operating labor-intensive, low productivity, poor working conditions.
Online inquiry "Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition)", mentioned in the book: the open mill is an old rubber, plastics processing equipment, with the development of science and technology, a variety of new mixing, refining plastic device after another, but did not open mill therefore be eliminated, but with the rubber, the rapid development of the plastics industry, as well as the rise of rubber and used increasingly prosperous. The reason is an open mill has its own unique: simple structure, less investment in equipment, easy to operate, easy to observe. I think this is precisely the open mill is still in place today can cause.
Now "Rubber Industry Handbook": which describes the safety devices on the open mill is not called exhaustive and advanced; for the protection of open mill major components in the machine as a result of unforeseen circumstances overload from damage, the front end of the roller bearing mounted safety devices. There are two basic mechanisms (a) security chip. Security sheet
Technical requirements: 1, the material used HT150; 2, the thickness error is less than 0.05mm; 3, each batch of material to go through a test to determine the thickness; 4, the safety sheet for each bearing failure load Q maximum horizontal transverse pressure 1.5 times. (B) a hydraulic safety device. The principle is that when a machine fails, the oil pressure rises, electric contact pressure gauge needle move and set-largest cross-pressure phase at a fixed needle, the machine stop immediately, amplifying negative roll gap is reduced. Hydraulic pitch which means I am more interested reminds me of hydraulic pressure can combine the knowledge to analyze, I feel very interesting. Again learning about the forgotten knowledge.
Key words：Rolling Mill; Hydraulic Motor; Plastic Refining; Reducer; Aligning Ball Bearing;
Key words：Rolling Mill; Hydraulic Motor; Plastic Refining; Reducer; Aligning Ball Bearing;
目 录
第一章 概述 1
第二章 主要参数确定 4
第三章 传动系统 5
3.1减速器设计计算 5
3.2一级齿轮传动 6
3.3二级齿轮传动 9
3.4轴校核 13
3.4.1轴1 13
3.4.2轴Ⅱ 16
3.4.3轴Ⅲ 20
3.5键的校核 25
第四章 主要零部件设计 26
4.1辊筒 26
4.2辊筒轴承 30
4.3机架和横梁 30
4.4辊距调节装置 30
4.5辊温调节装置 30
4.6润滑系统 31
结论 33
参考文献 34
致谢 35
第一章 概述 1
第二章 主要参数确定 4
第三章 传动系统 5
3.1减速器设计计算 5
3.2一级齿轮传动 6
3.3二级齿轮传动 9
3.4轴校核 13
3.4.1轴1 13
3.4.2轴Ⅱ 16
3.4.3轴Ⅲ 20
3.5键的校核 25
第四章 主要零部件设计 26
4.1辊筒 26
4.2辊筒轴承 30
4.3机架和横梁 30
4.4辊距调节装置 30
4.5辊温调节装置 30
4.6润滑系统 31
结论 33
参考文献 34
致谢 35
