摘   要
XK-400型开炼机是橡胶、塑料机械中最常用、最基本的设备之一，主要用于生胶的塑炼、胶料的混炼、混炼胶的热炼等。
目前，我国开炼机技术虽然发展很快、生产品种也较多，但与工业发达国家相比还有一定差距，有向着个性化与智能化方向发展的趋势。
在橡胶工业中，混炼车间是整个行业的核心，是橡胶工厂最重要的部门，也是能源消耗大户，占全厂40%，也是目前重点节能的部门或工序之一。它包括烘箱、切胶机、开炼机、密炼机及其辅机。近年来，国外橡胶工业有了迅速的发展，不仅在各个加工技术方面有相当的进步，而且设备方面有很大的发展，广泛地应用电子计算机管理和控制炼胶作业，大大地提高了炼胶系统地自动化水平，同时也引起了炼胶系统的变化。
多年来，国外对炼胶系统的技术改革实践证明：首先改革炼胶机及其装置，并使之现代化，以取得较高的劳动生产率、较高的效率和炼胶作业最佳化，才能真正实现炼胶系统技术创新。经过多年的改革，当代炼胶系统尤其是轮胎厂的炼胶系统已发展成自动化水平较高的工程系统。开炼机是橡塑工业中使用历史最悠久的加工设备之一。随着橡塑工业的产生而诞生，随着橡塑工业的发展而发展。成为橡塑工业中加工橡胶、塑料的常用设备之一，也是基本设备之一。据统计，目前我国每年生产开炼机5000 台。每年还有一定量的开炼机供出口到东南亚等地区。
它主要用于天然橡胶的塑炼，生胶与配合剂的混炼，或用作胶料的热炼和胶料的压片之用。它主要由辊筒、机座、机架、传动齿轮、润滑装置、加热与冷却装置、辊温调节装置、安全制动装置及电动机、减速器等组成。其辊筒采用冷硬铸铁制成，其表面经过磨削而形成光滑的表面。辊筒内部为空心结构，根据使用要求，通入蒸汽或者冷却水进行冷却。
XK-400型开炼机的设计包括受力分析、电机和减速器的选用、工作机的计算、主要的零部件和辅助部件设计以及绘制图纸。
开炼机在结构设计方面，采用行星齿轮减速器替代以往的圆柱齿轮减速器，结构更为简单紧凑，降低了生产成本。并针对安全生产问题，增加了安全装置，为以后该机械的设计提供参考依据。
关键词： 开炼机； 星齿轮减速器； 辊筒

ABSTRACT
 XK-400 type open mill rubber, plastics machinery of the most common and one of the most basic equipment, mainly for raw rubber mastication, rubber mixing, mix the soak and the like.
  At present, open mill technology has developed rapidly, producing more varieties, but compared with the industrialized countries there is a gap, there is a tendency toward personalization and intelligent direction of development.
  In the rubber industry, mixing plant is the core of the whole industry, is the most important sector of rubber factory, also large energy consumption, accounting for 40% of the plant, is one step, or the current focus on energy sector. It includes an oven, plastic cutting machine, a refining machine, mixer and auxiliary equipment. In recent years, foreign rubber industry has developed rapidly, not only a considerable progress in the technical aspects of each process and equipment have greatly developed, widely used computer management and control batch jobs, greatly enhance the mixing systematic level of automation, but also caused changes in batch system.
  Over the years, foreign technology system reform practice of mixing Proof: First mixing machine and apparatus reform and modernize in order to achieve a higher labor productivity, higher efficiency and optimize batch jobs, in order to truly mixing system to achieve technological innovation. After years of reform, the higher the contemporary batch system, especially tire factory has developed into a mixing system level of automation engineering systems. Open mill is one of the oldest rubber processing equipment used in the industry. With the plastics and rubber industries generation born with the development of rubber industry and development. Become one of the rubber processing industry rubber, plastics equipment commonly used one, and also the basic equipment. According to statistics, China's annual production of 5,000 open mill. Every year there is a certain amount of open mill for export to Southeast Asia and other regions.
  It is mainly used for mixing mastication of natural rubber, raw rubber and compounding ingredients, or as rubber sheeting of soak and glue used. It mainly consists of roller, stand, rack, gear, lubrication equipment, heating and cooling device, roll temperature adjusting device, safety brakes and the motor, reducer and other components. Its roller Chilled cast iron, the surface after grinding to form a smooth surface. Internal hollow roller structure, according to requirements, steaming or cooling water was.
  This paper focuses on XK-400 type mill machine design and calculations, including the motor and gear selection, the work of the design, the main parts and accessories design and produce drawings.
  In this paper, the structural design, the use of planetary gear reducer replace conventional cylindrical gear reducer, the structure is more simpler and compact, reducing production costs. And for safety issues, increased safety device, provide a reference for the future of mechanical design.
Key words: Mixing Machine; Planetary gear reducer; Roll.