摘要

炼胶设备是橡胶工业中的通用设备，在所有橡胶制品加工中都必须经过炼胶加工工序。因此，炼胶设备是橡胶机械中重要的设备之一。目前的炼胶设备主要有开炼机、密炼机（间歇式生产，目前通用），连续混炼挤出机（连续式生产，橡胶方面正在研究之中，塑料方面已工业化）。
在橡胶工业中，混炼车间是整个行业的核心，是橡胶工厂最重要的部门，也是能源消耗大户，占全厂40%，也是目前重点节能的部门或工序之一。它包括烘箱、切胶机、开炼机、密炼机及其辅机。近年来，国外橡胶工业有了迅速的发展，不仅在各个加工技术方面有相当的进步，而且设备方面有很大的发展，广泛地应用电子计算机管理和控制炼胶作业，大大地提高了炼胶系统地自动化水平，同时也引起了炼胶系统的变化。
多年来，国外对炼胶系统的技术改革实践证明：首先改革炼胶机及其装置，并使之现代化，以取得较高的劳动生产率、较高的效率和炼胶作业最佳化，才能真正实现炼胶系统技术创新。经过多年的改革，当代炼胶系统尤其是轮胎厂的炼胶系统已发展成自动化水平较高的工程系统。
开放式炼胶机简称开炼机，开炼机是橡塑工业中使用历史最悠久的加工设备之一。随着橡塑工业的产生而诞生，随着橡塑工业的发展而发展。成为橡塑工业中加工橡胶、塑料的常用设备之一，也是基本设备之一。据初略统计，目前我国每年生产开炼机5000台。每年还有一定量的开炼机供出口到东南亚等地区。它主要用于天然橡胶的塑炼，生胶与配合剂的混炼，或用作胶料的热炼和胶料的压片之用。它主要由辊筒、机座、机架、传动齿轮、润

滑装置、加热与冷却装置、辊温调节装置、安全制动装置及电动机、减速器等组成。其辊筒采用冷硬铸铁制成，其表面经过磨削而形成光滑的表面。辊筒内部为空心结构，根据使用要求，通入蒸汽或冷却水进行冷却。
为了调节炼胶过程中辊筒的温度，通过进水管把水导入辊筒内腔，溢流从辊筒一端的喇叭孔进入溢流槽再排出。为了操作上的安全，在开炼机的上端装有安全拉杆，当拉动拉杆后，便自动切断电源，通过电磁抱闸而自动停车。为防止胶料从辊筒两端挤入辊筒轴承部位，装有挡胶板。
查阅《橡胶工业手册》：其中关于开炼机安全装置的叙述不叫详尽以及先进;为保护开炼机主要零部件在机器由于发生意外情况而过载时不受损坏，在辊筒轴承前端装有安全装置。基本机构有两种（一）安全片。对安全片的技术要求：1，材料采用HT150；2，厚度误差不大于0.05mm；3，每批材料要经过试验后确定厚度；4，安全片的破坏载荷Q为每个轴承最大水平横压力的1.5倍。（二）液压安全装置。其原理是当机器发生故障，油压上升，电接点压力表指示动针与调定最大横压力值的固定针相接处时，机器立即停车，放大辊距是负压降低。其中液压调距装置我比较感兴趣让我想起液压可所学知识结合起来分析一下，感觉很有意思。又重新学习一下淡忘的知识。
 
关键词： 开炼机； 辊筒； 机座

Abstract
 
    Mixing device is a common device in the rubber industry,in processing of all rubber products must pass through rubber processing. Therefore,mixing equipment is one of the important rubber machinery and equipment. Current rubber mixing equipment are opening mixer,mixer (intermittent production, GM is now),the continuous kneading and extruding machine (continuous production,the rubber under study,plastic has been industrialized).
    In the rubber industry,mixing workshops are the core of the industry, rubber factory is the most important sector,are also big energy users,40% per cent of plant,is one of the key energy conservation department or process. It includes oven,gel machine,mixer,mixer and its auxiliary equipment. In recent years,the rubber industry has witnessed rapid development in foreign countries,not only there was considerable progress in the processing technology and equipment has a great development,wider application of computer management and control the mixing job,can greatly improve the refining system,automation level,mixing system is also changing.
For years,foreign to refining system technical reformation practice: first reform of rubber mixing machine and device, and modernize in order to achieve higher productivity,higher efficiency and rubber operations optimization,can we truly achieve refining system technical innovation. After years of reform, contemporary rubber system especially the rubber of the tire factory has been developed into a higher level of automation engineering systems.
Open rubber mixing machine referred to as mixer,mixer is used in the rubber and plastics industry one of the oldest equipment. With rubber and plastic

industry was born,with the development of rubber industry. Processed rubber, rubber and plastic industry one of the plastics commonly used equipment,is one of the basic equipment. According to some statistics,at present China's annual production of mill 5000 units. Every year there is a certain amount of mixer for export to Southeast Asia and other regions. It is mainly used for natural rubber and plastic rubber,crepe and the mixing of ingredients,or as the thermal compound smelting and compound Tablet use. It is mainly composed of roller, frame, frame, transmission gear, lubrication equipment, heating and cooling equipment,roller temperature control devices,safety brake and an electric motor,gearbox and other components. The rollers are made of chilled cast iron, its surfaces are ground to form a smooth surface. Roller interior of hollow structures,depending on their requirements,steaming and cooling water for cooling.
In order to adjust the rubber rollers in the process temperature,imported rollers through inlet water Chamber,overflow from the roller tube at one end of the speaker holes into the overflow channel and then discharged. For operational safety,safety lever at the top of an open mill,when after pulling the lever will automatically cut off the power supply,through the electromagnetic brake automatically. To prevent the rubber squeeze from both ends roller and roller bearing parts with rubber baffle.
 Now "Rubber Industry Handbook": which describes the safety devices on the open mill is not called exhaustive and advanced; for the protection of open mill major components in the machine as a result of unforeseen circumstances overload from damage, the front end of the roller bearing mounted safety devices. There are two basic mechanisms (a) security chip. Security sheet