设计简介
摘 要
数控技术，简称“数控”，英文：Numerical Control（NC）。是指用数字、文字和符号组成的数字指令来实现一台或多台机械设备动作控制的技术。它所控制的通常是位置、角度、速度等机械量和与机械能量流向有关的开关量。数控的产生依赖于数据载体和二进制形式数据运算的出现。数控技术是现代工业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础，是知识密集、资金密集的现代制造技术，也是国家重点发展的前沿技术。机电一体化技术是微电子技术、计算机技术、信息技术与机械技术相结合的综合性高新技术，是机械技术与微电子技术的有机结合。随着计算机技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用，机电一体化技术获得前所未有的发展，成为一门综合计算机与信息技术、自动控制技术、传感检测技术、伺服传动技术和机械技术等交叉的系统技术。
X-Y数控工作台是数控技术一个重要组成部分，它充分利用了单片机的软硬件功能以实现对机床的控制，使机床的加工范围扩大,加工精度得到了提高。
数控技术运用于工作台有以下优势：
1 保证了一定的精度，尺寸一致性好
2 可靠性进一步得到提高。
3 劳动强度低
4 适应能力强，经济效益明显
5 工作环境好
本文设计的内容包括三方面：
总体方案确定，包括机械与数控设计两个大方面：
机械部分的设计包括：传动系统设计，减速器设计，运动系统设计等
控制部分的设计包括： PLC的选型与控制流程的设计。
本题目是步进电机，数控技术，单片机汇编语言的综合应用。
关键词： X-Y数控工作台；机电系统；微型计算机；单片机
Abstract
Numerical control technology, referred to as "NC." English: Numerical Control (NC). Refers to numbers, words and symbols the number of instructions to implement one or more mechanical equipment motor control technology. Usually its control position, angle, speed and other machinery and mechanical energy flow volume and the volume switch. NC data generation depends on the binary form of data carriers and the emergence of computing. CNC technology is the modern industrial automation, flexibility, integrated production is based on a knowledge-intensive, capital-intensive modern manufacturing technology, is the national focus on the development of cutting-edge technology.Mechatronics is the microelectronics, computer technology, information technology and mechanical technology combined with the integrated high technology, mechanical technology and combination of microelectronic technology. With the rapid development of computer technology and extensive application of mechatronics achieve great development and become an integrated computer and information technology, control technology, sensor detection, servo drive technology and mechanical technology, cross-system technology.
CNC XY table is an important part of numerical control technology, which make full use of the PLC hardware and software features to achieve the machine's control extended to the processing machine, machining accuracy is improved.
CNC technology used in table has the following advantages:
1.to ensure a certain accuracy, size and good consistency
2.to further improve reliability.
3. low labor intensity
4.adaptable, economic benefit is obvious
5.good working environment
This design includes three aspects:
Determine the overall program, including mechanical and digital control design of two major areas:
The design of mechanical parts, including: transmission system design, Reducer design, motion design, etc.
Control part of the design include: PLC controlled process of selection and design.
This topic is stepper motor, CNC technology, SCMcomprehensive application of assembly language.
Key words：CNC XY Table; mechanical and electrical systems; micro-computer; SCM
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 X-Y数控工作台研究背景 1
1.2 X-Y工作台研究意义 1
1.3 X-Y 工作台的现状与发展 2
2 X-Y工作台整体方案设计 5
2.1 设计方案分析 5
2.2 X-Y工作台的整体结构设计 7
2.3 主要设计参数及其依据 7
3 X-Y工作台机械结构设计 8
3.1 工作台外形尺寸及重量估算 8
3.2 直线滚动导轨副的计算与选型 8
3.3 丝杠的计算 9
3.4 电机的确定 13
3.5 减速器的确定 16
4 数控系统硬件设计 22
4.1 单片机简介 22
4.2 步进电机的简介 24
4.3 编码器简介 24
4.4行程开关简介 25
结 论 27
致 谢 28
参考文献 29
