设计简介
Z3040摇臂钻床主轴Z向进给系统改造设计
中文摘要
随着科学与技术的发展，计算机数字控制技术的日趋成熟。加工技术在世界的工业范围内都有了显著的提高。我国由于存在大量的金属切削机床，把它们全部淘汰不符合我国国情，所以对金属切削机床进行适当的数控化改造，提高生产效率是最明智的选择。本次设计是对台式钻床的工作台进行数控化改造。首先，了解台式钻床的结构，确定改造方案。其次，选择滚珠丝杠、步进电机和消隙齿轮等零件，来达到提高传动精度，减小加工误差的目的。第三，采用芯片控制代替原有的电气控制形式，达到提高控制精度、减小响应时间和减小占地空间等目的，并且可视化的数控代码编程和模拟加工过程，可以提前发现程序的纰漏。最后，利用PLC可编程控制器对液压回路等进行控制，方便工程技术人员编写和使用。本次设计的结果可以顺利达到设计任务的要求，完成X、Y两方向单独运行和同时运行，提高了加工效率。普通机床数控化改造的技术可以广泛的应用在机械加工行业中。工程技术人员也应掌握并创新该项技术为振兴我国机械制造业而努力。
关键词：创新;改造;数控技术
Abstract
Along with the development of science and technology, the computer numeral control to technically is gradually maturing. The processing technology shows a remarkable progress in the industrial in the world. because of existence a great deal of metal machines in our country , eliminating all of them to not match our country, to carry on an appropriate number control to turn a reformation , and raise working is the most wise choice. This design is numeral control transformation for in table model drills .Firstly, understand the structure that the set table model drills, and make sure a reformation project. Secondly, the choice in Ball bearing guide screw and step-by-step electrical engineering and gear of control gap to attain an accuracy rising, and the purpose of reducing process error. The third, it adopts a chip control to replace original electricity control form, raising control accuracy and reduce the reaction to time and reduce covering space etc. And visual number control procedure code and emulation to process which can discover the error of procedure in advance. In the end, making use of the PLC programmable controller to hydro form etc. and it makes convenient for the engineering technical personnel to write with usage. The result of this design can smoothly attain a request of design and complete X, Y two directions circulate alone and circulate in the meantime and raise working efficiency. The common tool machine number controls technique can extensively be the applied in the manufacturing industry.
Engineering technical personnel should also master and enterprise techniques and make great effort for developing for our country in manufacturing industry.
Key word: Innovation; Transformation; NC Technology
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 先进制造技术的提出与发展 1
1.2 我国数控机床发展现状 1
1.3 数控机床的优缺点 1
1.4 本论文研究的内容及目的 2
第二章 机械部分设计与计算 3
2.1 确定尺寸及估计重量 3
2.2 纵向（Z向）设计计算 18
2.2.1 滚珠丝杠设计计算 18
2.2.2 传动齿轮的相关计算 21
2.2.3 转动惯量计算及其步进电机的选择 22
2.2.4 齿轮的验算 25
第三章 轴的设计与校核 34
3.1 轴的材料选择 34
3.2 初选滚动轴承 34
3.3 初步确定传动轴的轴向、径向尺寸 34
3.4 按弯扭合成强度校核轴的强度 34
第四章 零件校核计算 39
4.1 滚动轴承的支反力计算 39
4.2 滚动轴承的寿命校核 39
4.3 键的强度校核 39
第五章 数控系统的硬件电路设计 41
5.1 单片机简介 41
5.2 单片机在设计中的应用 43
结论 47
致谢语 48
参考文献 49
中文摘要
随着科学与技术的发展，计算机数字控制技术的日趋成熟。加工技术在世界的工业范围内都有了显著的提高。我国由于存在大量的金属切削机床，把它们全部淘汰不符合我国国情，所以对金属切削机床进行适当的数控化改造，提高生产效率是最明智的选择。本次设计是对台式钻床的工作台进行数控化改造。首先，了解台式钻床的结构，确定改造方案。其次，选择滚珠丝杠、步进电机和消隙齿轮等零件，来达到提高传动精度，减小加工误差的目的。第三，采用芯片控制代替原有的电气控制形式，达到提高控制精度、减小响应时间和减小占地空间等目的，并且可视化的数控代码编程和模拟加工过程，可以提前发现程序的纰漏。最后，利用PLC可编程控制器对液压回路等进行控制，方便工程技术人员编写和使用。本次设计的结果可以顺利达到设计任务的要求，完成X、Y两方向单独运行和同时运行，提高了加工效率。普通机床数控化改造的技术可以广泛的应用在机械加工行业中。工程技术人员也应掌握并创新该项技术为振兴我国机械制造业而努力。
关键词：创新;改造;数控技术
Abstract
Along with the development of science and technology, the computer numeral control to technically is gradually maturing. The processing technology shows a remarkable progress in the industrial in the world. because of existence a great deal of metal machines in our country , eliminating all of them to not match our country, to carry on an appropriate number control to turn a reformation , and raise working is the most wise choice. This design is numeral control transformation for in table model drills .Firstly, understand the structure that the set table model drills, and make sure a reformation project. Secondly, the choice in Ball bearing guide screw and step-by-step electrical engineering and gear of control gap to attain an accuracy rising, and the purpose of reducing process error. The third, it adopts a chip control to replace original electricity control form, raising control accuracy and reduce the reaction to time and reduce covering space etc. And visual number control procedure code and emulation to process which can discover the error of procedure in advance. In the end, making use of the PLC programmable controller to hydro form etc. and it makes convenient for the engineering technical personnel to write with usage. The result of this design can smoothly attain a request of design and complete X, Y two directions circulate alone and circulate in the meantime and raise working efficiency. The common tool machine number controls technique can extensively be the applied in the manufacturing industry.
Engineering technical personnel should also master and enterprise techniques and make great effort for developing for our country in manufacturing industry.
Key word: Innovation; Transformation; NC Technology
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 先进制造技术的提出与发展 1
1.2 我国数控机床发展现状 1
1.3 数控机床的优缺点 1
1.4 本论文研究的内容及目的 2
第二章 机械部分设计与计算 3
2.1 确定尺寸及估计重量 3
2.2 纵向（Z向）设计计算 18
2.2.1 滚珠丝杠设计计算 18
2.2.2 传动齿轮的相关计算 21
2.2.3 转动惯量计算及其步进电机的选择 22
2.2.4 齿轮的验算 25
第三章 轴的设计与校核 34
3.1 轴的材料选择 34
3.2 初选滚动轴承 34
3.3 初步确定传动轴的轴向、径向尺寸 34
3.4 按弯扭合成强度校核轴的强度 34
第四章 零件校核计算 39
4.1 滚动轴承的支反力计算 39
4.2 滚动轴承的寿命校核 39
4.3 键的强度校核 39
第五章 数控系统的硬件电路设计 41
5.1 单片机简介 41
5.2 单片机在设计中的应用 43
结论 47
致谢语 48
参考文献 49
