设计简介
摘 要
包装机是一个产品生产和外包的机器的统称，其主要功能是包装各种产品，而包装机推包机构则是给包装机提供包装产品的机构，其主要功能就是从生产线将产品输送到包装机的相应入口，推包机构的运动是一个按一定轨迹的循环往复运动。它推送物品到达指定包装工作台，该机构取代了传统的人工移动物品，改善了工作效率低的缺点。
本文所设计的推包机构，有回程一体的全自动化功能，其主要设计思路来自于对传统工艺的分解,然后按照相应功能的机构部件进行设计,对比,选定,以及优化组合。综合利用凸轮的往复运动,齿轮的传动运动，以及减速器的定值调速比的设定。再利用Auto Cad软件强大绘图功能,和Word的编辑功能,把设计方案图文并茂,栩栩如生的展现出来。在本系统中,用激光感应被包装工件并通过单片机对推包机构进行控制。激光测得被推物体确认到达后,由感光板上发出脉冲,通过89C51单片机及步进电动机驱动芯片ULN2803对步进电动机进行控制。同时被包装工件的件数由LED显示器显示。对推包机构则采用偏置滑块机构与盘形凸轮机构的组合机构相结合。其中，偏置滑块机构控制推头的水平方向上运动，凸轮机构则控制推头垂直方向的运动。在本设计中，在推头回程过程中不影响下一个工件的到来，从而总体来讲提高了效率。
关键词：包装机；推包机构；减速机；齿轮
包装机是一个产品生产和外包的机器的统称，其主要功能是包装各种产品，而包装机推包机构则是给包装机提供包装产品的机构，其主要功能就是从生产线将产品输送到包装机的相应入口，推包机构的运动是一个按一定轨迹的循环往复运动。它推送物品到达指定包装工作台，该机构取代了传统的人工移动物品，改善了工作效率低的缺点。
本文所设计的推包机构，有回程一体的全自动化功能，其主要设计思路来自于对传统工艺的分解,然后按照相应功能的机构部件进行设计,对比,选定,以及优化组合。综合利用凸轮的往复运动,齿轮的传动运动，以及减速器的定值调速比的设定。再利用Auto Cad软件强大绘图功能,和Word的编辑功能,把设计方案图文并茂,栩栩如生的展现出来。在本系统中,用激光感应被包装工件并通过单片机对推包机构进行控制。激光测得被推物体确认到达后,由感光板上发出脉冲,通过89C51单片机及步进电动机驱动芯片ULN2803对步进电动机进行控制。同时被包装工件的件数由LED显示器显示。对推包机构则采用偏置滑块机构与盘形凸轮机构的组合机构相结合。其中，偏置滑块机构控制推头的水平方向上运动，凸轮机构则控制推头垂直方向的运动。在本设计中，在推头回程过程中不影响下一个工件的到来，从而总体来讲提高了效率。
关键词：包装机；推包机构；减速机；齿轮
Abstract
Packing machine is a machine of a production and outsourcing collectively, Its main function is the packaging of various products, However, the packaging machine push package body is the institutions of packaging products, packaging machine, Its main function is to transport products from the production line to the corresponding entry of the packaging machine, the agency's movement is a movement of the cycle by a certain trajectory. The agency push items arrived at the designated packing table, the agency replaces the traditional manual movable objects inefficiency.
I designed the push package institution push package, return one of the fully automated,its main design ideas comes from the decomposition of traditional technology,then designed follow the corresponding function body parts, contrast, selected, and optimized. The use of the cam reciprocates, the movement of the gear drive, and the set value of the speed ratio of the reducer. The use of the powerful drawing features Auto Cad software and Word editing features, design illustrated, lifelike. In this system, laser sensor packaging workpiece to push package institutions controlled by the microcontroller. Laser test object to be driven to confirm arrival, photosensitive plate pulses, stepper motor controlled by the 89C51 microcontroller and stepper motor driver chip ULN2803. The same time, the number of pieces of packaging workpiece by the LED display shows. Push institutions using the combined mechanism of the the bias slider mechanism and disc-shaped cam mechanism, among them, the bias slider mechanism controls the pusher in the horizontal direction movement,and the cam mechanism controls the pusher in the vertical direction movement. In this design,in the return process it does not affect the arrival of the next workpiece, and thus in general, to improve efficiency.
Key words: packing machine; push institution; reducer;gear
Packing machine is a machine of a production and outsourcing collectively, Its main function is the packaging of various products, However, the packaging machine push package body is the institutions of packaging products, packaging machine, Its main function is to transport products from the production line to the corresponding entry of the packaging machine, the agency's movement is a movement of the cycle by a certain trajectory. The agency push items arrived at the designated packing table, the agency replaces the traditional manual movable objects inefficiency.
I designed the push package institution push package, return one of the fully automated,its main design ideas comes from the decomposition of traditional technology,then designed follow the corresponding function body parts, contrast, selected, and optimized. The use of the cam reciprocates, the movement of the gear drive, and the set value of the speed ratio of the reducer. The use of the powerful drawing features Auto Cad software and Word editing features, design illustrated, lifelike. In this system, laser sensor packaging workpiece to push package institutions controlled by the microcontroller. Laser test object to be driven to confirm arrival, photosensitive plate pulses, stepper motor controlled by the 89C51 microcontroller and stepper motor driver chip ULN2803. The same time, the number of pieces of packaging workpiece by the LED display shows. Push institutions using the combined mechanism of the the bias slider mechanism and disc-shaped cam mechanism, among them, the bias slider mechanism controls the pusher in the horizontal direction movement,and the cam mechanism controls the pusher in the vertical direction movement. In this design,in the return process it does not affect the arrival of the next workpiece, and thus in general, to improve efficiency.
Key words: packing machine; push institution; reducer;gear
目 录
摘 要 III
Abstract IV
1 绪论 1
1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义 1
1.2 国内外的发展概况 2
1.3 本课题应达到的要求 3
2 机械部分的设计 4
2.1 方案的选择 4
2.2 凸轮及杆的设计
62.2.1 设计要求及计算 7
2.2.2 校核各杆的压杆稳定性 9
2.2.3 校核各杆的强度 9
2.2.4 校核凸轮的强度 9
2.3 减速器概述 10
2.4 电动机的选择 11
2.4.1 初步确定负载推力 11
2.4.2 电动机选择步骤 12
2.4.3 确定传动装置的总传动比及其分配 14
2.4.4 计算传动装置的运动及动力参数 14
2.5 齿轮的设计 14
2.5.1 齿轮传动特点与分类 14
2.5.2 齿轮传动的主要参数与基本要求 14
2.5.3 齿轮组的设计与强度校核 15
2.6 轴的设计 19
2.6.1 轴的分类 19
2.6.2 轴的材料 19
2.6.3 轴的结构设计 20
2.6.4 低速轴的设计与计算 21
2.6.5 高速轴的设计与计算 25
2.6.6 选择和校验键联接 26
2.7 轴承的选用 26
2.7.1 轴承种类的选择 26
2.7.2 深沟球轴承结构 26
2.8 联轴器的选择 27
2.8.1 联轴器的功用 27
2.8.2 联轴器的类型特点 27
2.8.3 联轴器的选用 28
2.8.4 联轴器材料 28
3 控制部分的设计 29
3.1 控制系统的功能与设计要求 29
3.2 系统总体方案的设计 29
3.3 控制原理图 32
4 结论与展望 33
4.1 结论 33
4.2 不足之处及未来展望 33
致 谢 34
参考文献 35
