设计简介
摘 要:电梯是高层建筑不可缺少的垂直方向的交通运输工具。传统的电梯运行控制系统采用的是继电器逻辑控制线路。采用这种控制方式，存在易出故障、维护不便、运行寿命较短、占用空间大等缺点。从技术发展来看，这种系统将逐渐被淘汰。本设计在通用变频器的基础上，采用PLC对电梯进行控制，通过合理的选择和设计，提高了电梯的控制水平，大大提高了电梯可靠性、可维护性以及灵活性，并改善了电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。这种电梯控制系统较原有电梯控制系统可以更容易的完成更为复杂的控制任务，其许多功能是传统的继电器控制系统无法实现的。该电梯控制系统具有指层、厅召唤、选层、选向、消防等功能，并具有集选控制的特点。
关键词：可编程控制器； 变频调速； 电梯
Abstract: The elevator is a kind tool that is indispensability in the high-building perpendicular transportation. The traditional elevator adopt a relay-logical to control its circulation which the elevator become accident -proneness, short life-span, inconvenience in maintaining and this control circuit also takes up big space, etc. See from the eyes of technique development, this kind of system will be gradually eliminated. The design is based on the now-being general frequency converter, using PLC to control the elevator, the reliability is improved and the feeling of comfort is better through the reasonable selection and design, raises the elevator's reliability, maintainability and flexibility consumedly, so the effect of control is more ideal. Competing to the traditional elevator, this kind of elevator can complete the more complicated mission more easily, and it can carry out many functions that traditional elevator control system can not. This elevator control system composes of a drive-movement control state and a non-drive-move control state, namely an auto function state and a manual function state. It still has some function, like indicating layer, invoking by hall, choosing layer and choosing direction etc. In addition, this system have a characteristics of congregate choose control.
Keywords: Programmable controller； frequency conversion timing； elevator
目 录
引言…………………………………………………………………………1
第一章概述……………………………………………………………………
1.1课题意义其目的 ……………………………………………………2
1.2课题介绍……………………………………………………………3
第二章系统概要设计…………………………………………………………4
2.1 电梯的基本结构……………………………………………………………4
2.2 变频调速电梯系统………………………………………………………7
2．2.1变频调速原理……………………………………………………………7
2．2.2 变频电梯拖动系统组成……………………………………………………8
2. 2.3 变频调速电梯(VVVF)的优点………………………………………….10
2.3 可编程控制器的介绍………………………………………………………11
2.3.1 PLC的特点…………………………………………………………11
2.3.2 PLC与继电器的比较…………………………………………………12
2.3.3 PLC的工作原理………………………………………………………13
第三章 系统详细设计…………………………………………………14
3．1 系统硬件设计………………………………………………………………14
3.1.1 设计分析 …………………………………………………………14
3.1.2 设计的基本原则……………………………………………………14
3.1.3 控制系统实现的功能………………………………………………15
3.1.4梯形图设计…………………………………………………………15
3.1.5 通用变频器的设计………………………………………………………17
3.1.5.1 变频器的选择………………………………………………17
3.1.5.2 VS616G5型变频器结构……………………………………17
3.1.5.3 VS616G5变频器的参数设置…………………………………18
3.1.5.4 变频器的容量选择……………………………………………20
3.1.6 PLC控制系统的设计……………………………………………………20
3.1.6.1 曳引电机的选型………………………………………………… 23
3.1.6.2电梯控制系统硬件构成…………………………………………….24
3.1.6.3 旋转编码器的应用…………………………………………………25
3.1.6.4 系统主电路图 ……………………………………………………25
3.1.6.5 电梯的工作过程………………………………………………….26
3.1.6.6 电梯门系统设计………………………………………………27
3.1.6.7I/O接口电路设计…………………………………………………28
3.1.6.8 电梯PLC设计外部接线图 ………………………………………30
3.2 系统软件设计………………………………………………………………………32
3.2.1 指层控制回路……………………………………………………………….32
3.2.2 轿内指令与厅外召唤的登记和消号……………………………………….33
3.2.3 选层、定向回路…………………………………………………………35
3.2.4 运行控制程序…………………………………………………………………39
3.2.5 开关门控制程序…………………………………………………………40
3.2.6 消防运行回路……………………………………………………………41
第四章 系统测试及评估………………………………………………43
4.1 调试前的基本检查……………………………………………………………….43
4.2 不挂曳引绳的通电试验………………………………………………………43
4.3 慢速运行调整………………………………………………………………..44
4.4 正常速度试运行及调试……………………………………………………….46
结论展望…………………………………………………………………48
参考文献………………………………………………………………………49
致谢……………………………………………………………………………50
关键词：可编程控制器； 变频调速； 电梯
Abstract: The elevator is a kind tool that is indispensability in the high-building perpendicular transportation. The traditional elevator adopt a relay-logical to control its circulation which the elevator become accident -proneness, short life-span, inconvenience in maintaining and this control circuit also takes up big space, etc. See from the eyes of technique development, this kind of system will be gradually eliminated. The design is based on the now-being general frequency converter, using PLC to control the elevator, the reliability is improved and the feeling of comfort is better through the reasonable selection and design, raises the elevator's reliability, maintainability and flexibility consumedly, so the effect of control is more ideal. Competing to the traditional elevator, this kind of elevator can complete the more complicated mission more easily, and it can carry out many functions that traditional elevator control system can not. This elevator control system composes of a drive-movement control state and a non-drive-move control state, namely an auto function state and a manual function state. It still has some function, like indicating layer, invoking by hall, choosing layer and choosing direction etc. In addition, this system have a characteristics of congregate choose control.
Keywords: Programmable controller； frequency conversion timing； elevator
目 录
引言…………………………………………………………………………1
第一章概述……………………………………………………………………
1.1课题意义其目的 ……………………………………………………2
1.2课题介绍……………………………………………………………3
第二章系统概要设计…………………………………………………………4
2.1 电梯的基本结构……………………………………………………………4
2.2 变频调速电梯系统………………………………………………………7
2．2.1变频调速原理……………………………………………………………7
2．2.2 变频电梯拖动系统组成……………………………………………………8
2. 2.3 变频调速电梯(VVVF)的优点………………………………………….10
2.3 可编程控制器的介绍………………………………………………………11
2.3.1 PLC的特点…………………………………………………………11
2.3.2 PLC与继电器的比较…………………………………………………12
2.3.3 PLC的工作原理………………………………………………………13
第三章 系统详细设计…………………………………………………14
3．1 系统硬件设计………………………………………………………………14
3.1.1 设计分析 …………………………………………………………14
3.1.2 设计的基本原则……………………………………………………14
3.1.3 控制系统实现的功能………………………………………………15
3.1.4梯形图设计…………………………………………………………15
3.1.5 通用变频器的设计………………………………………………………17
3.1.5.1 变频器的选择………………………………………………17
3.1.5.2 VS616G5型变频器结构……………………………………17
3.1.5.3 VS616G5变频器的参数设置…………………………………18
3.1.5.4 变频器的容量选择……………………………………………20
3.1.6 PLC控制系统的设计……………………………………………………20
3.1.6.1 曳引电机的选型………………………………………………… 23
3.1.6.2电梯控制系统硬件构成…………………………………………….24
3.1.6.3 旋转编码器的应用…………………………………………………25
3.1.6.4 系统主电路图 ……………………………………………………25
3.1.6.5 电梯的工作过程………………………………………………….26
3.1.6.6 电梯门系统设计………………………………………………27
3.1.6.7I/O接口电路设计…………………………………………………28
3.1.6.8 电梯PLC设计外部接线图 ………………………………………30
3.2 系统软件设计………………………………………………………………………32
3.2.1 指层控制回路……………………………………………………………….32
3.2.2 轿内指令与厅外召唤的登记和消号……………………………………….33
3.2.3 选层、定向回路…………………………………………………………35
3.2.4 运行控制程序…………………………………………………………………39
3.2.5 开关门控制程序…………………………………………………………40
3.2.6 消防运行回路……………………………………………………………41
第四章 系统测试及评估………………………………………………43
4.1 调试前的基本检查……………………………………………………………….43
4.2 不挂曳引绳的通电试验………………………………………………………43
4.3 慢速运行调整………………………………………………………………..44
4.4 正常速度试运行及调试……………………………………………………….46
结论展望…………………………………………………………………48
参考文献………………………………………………………………………49
致谢……………………………………………………………………………50
