设计简介
摘要
车辆的传动系统是车辆的重要组成。他的任务是改变变化发动机的机能，将发动机带来的转速和转矩有效地传至车轮，用来达到汽车的要求。变速器是达成传动系统任务的重要部分，也是影响汽车机能的主要部分。变速器的设计水平对汽车的动力性、燃料经济性、换挡操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动平稳性与效率等都有直接的影响。随着汽车工业的发展,轿车变速器的设计趋势为增大变速器传递功率与重量之比,并要求变速器具有较小的尺寸和良好性能。
本文阐述了发动机的选择、变速器方案的确定、变速器设计、变速器同步器设计、变速器箱体设计。在给定发动机输出转矩、转速及最高车速、最大爬坡度等条件下,着重对变速器齿轮的结构参数、轴的结构尺寸等进行设计计算。
关键词：变速器；齿轮；同步器；设计；结构
Abstract
Drivetrain is the core components of automobile. Its task is transforming and regulateing the performance of engine. Transmission can effectively and economically conveyed the power to the wheel which can meet the requirement of vehicles. Transmission is the important part of drivetrain components to complete the tasks. as well as one of the main factor to decide the whole performance of vehicle. The standards of Transmission designing can directly impact the vehicle dynamics, fuel economy, the reliability and portability of shifting, the smoothness and efficiency of Transmiting. Along with the development of the automobile industry, the trend of car transmission designing is to increase its transmission power and decrese its weight ,and hope have smaller size and excellent performance.
This paper expounds the selection of engine, the determination of transmission scheme, the design of transmission, the design of transmission synchronizer and the design of transmission box. Under the conditions of given engine output torque, speed, maximum speed and maximum climbing gradient, the structural parameters of transmission gear and the structural size of shaft are designed and calculated emphatically.
Key words: Transmission；Gear；Synchronizer ；Design；Structure
目录
前言 1
1.绪论 2
2.变速器传动机构与操纵机构的布置 3
2.1 变速器结构方案的确定 3
2.1.1变速器传动机构的结构分析与型式选择 3
2.1.2倒档传动方案 4
2.2 变速器主要零件结构的方案分析 5
2.2.1齿轮型式 5
2.2.2换档结构型式 5
2.2.3变速器轴承 5
2.3变速器的操纵机构 6
2.3.1变速器操纵机构功用 6
2.3.2操纵机构的布置方案 6
2.4 锁止装置 7
2.4.1互锁装置 7
2.4.2自锁装置 9
2.4.3倒挡锁装置 9
3. 变速器的设计与计算 9
3.1 变速器主要参数的选择 9
3.2档数和传动比 10
3.2.1传动比的选择 10
3.3中心距 12
3.4 轴向尺寸 12
3.5 齿轮参数 13
3.5.1 齿轮模数 13
3.5.2 压力角α 14
3.5.3 螺旋角β 14
3.5.4 齿宽b 14
3.5.5齿顶高系数 15
3.5.6修正各挡传动比及中心距 15
3.6变速器齿轮强度校核 25
3.6.1 齿轮材料的选择原则 25
3.6.2 变速器齿轮弯曲强度校核 25
3.6.3轮齿接触应力校核 28
3.6.4倒挡齿轮的校核 31
3.7变速器轴的设计计算 33
3.8轴的校核 35
3.8.1 轴的刚度计算 35
3.8.2轴的强度计算 40
3.9轴承的寿命计算 46
3.9.1 输入轴轴承的选择与寿命计算 46
3.9.2 输出轴轴承的选择与寿命计算 49
4. 变速器同步器设计 51
5. 变速器装配 56
6. 运动仿真及分析 61
7.结论 67
致谢 68
参考文献 69
