设计简介
摘 要
汽车后桥是汽车的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，再将转矩分配给左右驱动车轮，并使左右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动所要求的差速功能:同时，驱动桥还要承受作用于路面和车架或承载车身之间的铅垂力、纵向力，横向力及其力矩。其质量，性能的好坏直接影响整车的安全性，经济性、舒适性、可靠性。本文认真地分析参考了重型卡车的驱动系统，在论述汽车驱动桥运行机理的基础上，阐述了汽车驱动桥的基本原理并进行了系统分析；根据经济、适用、舒适、安全可靠的设计原则和分析比较，确定了重型卡车驱动桥结构形式、布置方法、主减速器总成、差速器总成、半轴、桥壳及轮边减速器的结构型式。通过本课题的研究，开发设计出适用于装置大马力发动机重型货车的产品，确保设计的重型卡车驱动桥经济、实用、安全、可靠。
关键词： 驱动桥 主减速器 差速器 轮边减速器
Abstract
Drive axle is one of the most important parts of automobile. The function is to increase the torque from drive shaft or from transmission directly, and then distribute it to left and right wheels which have the differential ability automobile needed when driving. And the drive axle has to support the vertical force, longitudinal force, horizontal force and their moments between road and frame or body. Its quality and performance will affect the security, economic, comfortability and reliability.
This article analyzes and refers to the drive axle of Tianlongtruck and the 300 drive axle of Hyundai seriously. Through the study of this topic, we can design the single driving axle devices that apply to the heavy truck with high-powered engine, and make sure the drive axle we design of heavy truck economic, practical, safe and reliable. On talking about the running principal of driving axle ,the three key techno ledge about vehicle traveling on the ride and through, and noise reduction technology applications and the standardization of parts, components of the universal, Products such as the serialization that we should master to meet, it describes and has a systematic analysis on the basic principles of viecle drive axle.
According to the design principles and analysis and comparison of economy, application, comfortability, safety and reliability , the heavy truck drive axle structure, layout ways, and the final drive assembly, differential assembly, the bridge case and axle structure can be determined; and the strength checking of brake parts, as well as major components improves overall design of the driving axle.
Through the study of this topic, we can design the single drive axle devices that apply to the heavy truck with high-powered engine, and make sure the drive axle we design of heavy truck economic, practical, safe and reliable.
Keywords: Heavy truck Drive axle Final drive Differential
目录
前言 1
1. 总体方案论证 2
1.1驱动桥整体结构方案的分析 3
1.2设计参数 3
2. 主减速器设计 4
2.1主减速器结构方案分析 4
2.1.1主减速器的齿轮类型 4
2.1.2 主减速器的减速形式 4
2.2 主减速器主、从动锥齿轮的支承方案 5
2.2.1 主动锥齿轮的支承 5
2.2.2 从动锥齿轮的支承 6
2.3 主减速器锥齿轮设计 6
2.3.1 主减速器锥齿轮的设计计算及主要参数选择 7
2.3.2. 锥齿轮主要参数的选择 9
2.4 主减速器锥齿轮的材料 12
2.5 主减速器锥齿轮的强度计算 12
2.5.1 单位齿长圆周力 12
2.5.2齿轮弯曲强度 13
2.5.3 轮齿接触强度 14
2.6主减速器锥齿轮轴承的设计计算 14
2.6.1锥齿轮齿面上的作用力 14
2.6.2 锥齿轮轴承的载荷 17
2.6.3 锥齿轮轴承型号的确定 18
3. 差速器设计 21
3.1 差速器的工作原理 21
3.2 差速器结构形式选择 22
3.3 普通锥齿轮式差速器齿轮设计 22
3.4 普通锥齿轮式差速器齿轮强度计算 25
3.5差速器齿轮的材料 26
4. 轮边减速器 27
4.1 轮边减速器机构形式和布置方案选择 27
4.2 行星齿轮轮边减速器齿轮设计 29
5. 驱动车轮的传动装置设计 30
5.1 半轴的型式 30
5.2 半轴的设计与计算 31
5.2.1 全浮式半轴的设计计算 31
5.3半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理 33
6. 驱动桥壳设计 34
6.1桥壳的结构型式 34
6.2 桥壳的受力分析及强度计算 34
6.2.1 桥壳的静弯曲应力计算 34
6.2.2 在不平路面上冲击载荷作用下桥壳的强度计算 36
6.2.3 汽车以最大牵引力行驶时桥壳的强度计算 36
6.2.4 汽车紧急制动时桥壳的强度计算 37
7. 仿真设计 40
7.1零部件建模 40
7.1.1 主减速器仿真分析 40
7.1.2差速器仿真 42
7.1.3轮边减速器仿真 44
7.2 装配 45
7.3运动仿真 50
7.4有限元分析 52
8. 技术经济性分析 56
9. 结论 57
致谢 58
参考文献 59
