设计简介
摘要
齿轮传动的主要失效形式分为轮齿折断，齿面磨损、齿面点蚀、齿面胶合跟塑性变形五大类，而引起120吨电机车行走齿轮失效的原因主要有：一是120T电机车行走齿轮正常受载时，齿根处所产生的弯曲应力最大，当齿轮重复受重载荷后，齿根处会出现疲劳裂纹，逐步扩展导致轮齿断裂；二是120T电机车在运行过程中承受的是变载荷，所以轮齿有时会因意外的过载发生过载折断。电机车行走齿轮用淬火钢制成，多用于采矿等作业，工作载荷大，主要承受弯曲应力，易发生断齿。
因此为了提高轮齿的抗疲劳强度，增加强抗折断能力，可采取的措施有：一是增大齿根过度圆角半径和消除加工刀痕来减小齿根应力集中； 二是增大轴及支承的刚性，使轮齿接触线上受载均匀；三是对轮齿表面进行热处理提高材料性能；四是采用喷丸、滚压等工艺对齿根进行强化处理。针对20吨电机车行走齿轮，对比之后本设计采用第四种方法对齿轮齿根进行强化，加强齿根的抗弯曲强度，提高轮齿的抗折断能力。
本设计首先介绍了选题的目的跟意义及目前的研究状况跟发展趋势；之后就开始组建机构，总体包括减速器（高速级、中间级、低速级）、工作台、横竖向液压缸及被加工齿轮几个部分组成，并对各个部分进行计算或选型；最后校核看啮合部分和各轴是否满足要求。
关键词：轮齿折断；电机车齿轮；齿根弯曲强度；强化装置
ABSTRACT
The main failure forms of gear transmission can be divided into broken tooth, Main failure forms of gear transmission can be divided into broken tooth, tooth surface wear, tooth surface erosion, tooth surface glue with five classes, plastic deformation caused by the 120 tons of electric locomotive walking gear failure reason mainly has: one is the 120 t electric locomotive walking gear normal load, tooth root bending stress of the largest space, when the gear handles repeated load, tooth root place will appear fatigue crack, gradually extend the lead to tooth fracture; The second is in the process of 120 t electric locomotive running under variable load, so the tooth sometimes due to accidental overload fracture. Electric locomotive walking gear with quenching steel, used in mining operations, work load big, mainly bear bending stress, prone to broken teeth.
So in order to improve the fatigue strength of gear tooth, increase the strong ability to resist breaking, measures taken are: to increase one is excessive tooth root fillet radius and the elimination of machining tool to reduce the tooth root stress concentration;2 it is to increase the rigidity of shaft and bearing online uniformly loaded tooth contact; Three is on the surface of gear heat treatment to improve material performance; Four is the shot peening, rolling process to strengthen the tooth root. After walking for 20 tons of electric locomotive gear, comparing the design adopts the fourth kind of method for gear tooth root reinforcement, strengthening the tooth root bending strength, improve the fracture resistance of teeth.
With the purpose of this design first introduced the selected topic significance and the current research status and development trend; After began to establish institutions, including overall speed reducer (high level, middle level and low level), workbench, the relation to the hydraulic cylinder and the gear machining parts, and a calculation is made for each part or selection; The last check the mesh part and the axis whether meet the requirements.
Key Words: tooth broken; Electric locomotive gear; The tooth root bending strength; Strengthen the device
齿轮传动的主要失效形式分为轮齿折断，齿面磨损、齿面点蚀、齿面胶合跟塑性变形五大类，而引起120吨电机车行走齿轮失效的原因主要有：一是120T电机车行走齿轮正常受载时，齿根处所产生的弯曲应力最大，当齿轮重复受重载荷后，齿根处会出现疲劳裂纹，逐步扩展导致轮齿断裂；二是120T电机车在运行过程中承受的是变载荷，所以轮齿有时会因意外的过载发生过载折断。电机车行走齿轮用淬火钢制成，多用于采矿等作业，工作载荷大，主要承受弯曲应力，易发生断齿。
因此为了提高轮齿的抗疲劳强度，增加强抗折断能力，可采取的措施有：一是增大齿根过度圆角半径和消除加工刀痕来减小齿根应力集中； 二是增大轴及支承的刚性，使轮齿接触线上受载均匀；三是对轮齿表面进行热处理提高材料性能；四是采用喷丸、滚压等工艺对齿根进行强化处理。针对20吨电机车行走齿轮，对比之后本设计采用第四种方法对齿轮齿根进行强化，加强齿根的抗弯曲强度，提高轮齿的抗折断能力。
本设计首先介绍了选题的目的跟意义及目前的研究状况跟发展趋势；之后就开始组建机构，总体包括减速器（高速级、中间级、低速级）、工作台、横竖向液压缸及被加工齿轮几个部分组成，并对各个部分进行计算或选型；最后校核看啮合部分和各轴是否满足要求。
关键词：轮齿折断；电机车齿轮；齿根弯曲强度；强化装置
ABSTRACT
The main failure forms of gear transmission can be divided into broken tooth, Main failure forms of gear transmission can be divided into broken tooth, tooth surface wear, tooth surface erosion, tooth surface glue with five classes, plastic deformation caused by the 120 tons of electric locomotive walking gear failure reason mainly has: one is the 120 t electric locomotive walking gear normal load, tooth root bending stress of the largest space, when the gear handles repeated load, tooth root place will appear fatigue crack, gradually extend the lead to tooth fracture; The second is in the process of 120 t electric locomotive running under variable load, so the tooth sometimes due to accidental overload fracture. Electric locomotive walking gear with quenching steel, used in mining operations, work load big, mainly bear bending stress, prone to broken teeth.
So in order to improve the fatigue strength of gear tooth, increase the strong ability to resist breaking, measures taken are: to increase one is excessive tooth root fillet radius and the elimination of machining tool to reduce the tooth root stress concentration;2 it is to increase the rigidity of shaft and bearing online uniformly loaded tooth contact; Three is on the surface of gear heat treatment to improve material performance; Four is the shot peening, rolling process to strengthen the tooth root. After walking for 20 tons of electric locomotive gear, comparing the design adopts the fourth kind of method for gear tooth root reinforcement, strengthening the tooth root bending strength, improve the fracture resistance of teeth.
With the purpose of this design first introduced the selected topic significance and the current research status and development trend; After began to establish institutions, including overall speed reducer (high level, middle level and low level), workbench, the relation to the hydraulic cylinder and the gear machining parts, and a calculation is made for each part or selection; The last check the mesh part and the axis whether meet the requirements.
Key Words: tooth broken; Electric locomotive gear; The tooth root bending strength; Strengthen the device
目录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 选题背景 1
1.2 目前研究的概况和发展趋势 1
1.3 齿轮强化技术分类 2
2 组建机构模型 4
2.1 确立主体结构 4
2.2 分析主体运动 4
3 主要的参数选择 5
3.1 选择工作台参数 5
3.2系统总效率计算 5
3.3 其他参数选择 5
4 减速机构设计 7
4.1 系统传动比的分配 7
4.2 传动系统运动和有关参数计算 7
4.3 高速级齿轮设计 8
4.4 低速级齿轮设计 12
4.5 轴与轴承 17
4.6 设计蜗轮蜗杆 21
4.7 设计离合器 24
4.8 键的选择 26
4.9 操纵件部分 26
5 设计滚压机构 29
5.1 确定齿根形状 29
5.2 滚压力大小的确定 29
5.3 滚压速度的确定 30
6 设计液压系统 31
6.1 运动分析 31
6.2 设计横向油缸 31
6.3 设计纵向油缸 32
6.4 拟定系统的原理图 34
6.5 具体工作情况 36
6.6 选择液压元件 36
7 结论 38
参考文献 39
致 谢 40
