设计简介
PLC控制五层电梯系统的设计与研究
摘 要
随着我国的经济建设的迅速发展，电梯已成为工作和生活在必要工具，发挥着不可替代的作用。
电梯的电器系统由拖动系统和控制系统两部分组成。早期电梯多采用继电器—接触器控制系统，虽说其简单价格便宜，但是动合触点易磨损，且电接触不良、维修保养工作量大，具有很大的局限性，因此这种控制系统仅用于速度不高、性能要求也不高的电梯 。目前电梯设计普遍使用可编程控制器（PLC），因其具有功能变化灵活，故障少，维修保养方便，抗干扰能力强，控制箱占地面积少，所以渐渐的成为了主流。
本设计主要介绍可编程控制器（PLC）在电梯电气控制系统中的应用，通过对系统硬件设计方法和程序设计思路的介绍，给出了5层电梯逻辑控制部分的方法。主要涉及5层电梯的PLC控制系统的总体设计方案、组成及模块化程序设计 。本设计考虑了三种运行方式：有无专职人员操控电梯和消防模式，还是很全面的。当乘客进入电梯，按下楼层按钮，电梯门自动关闭后，控制系统根据轿厢所处位置判定轿厢运行方向，保证轿厢平层时减速到站延时1s后开门，电梯到站开关门3s，上下客4s ，然后根据相关指令继续运行。
关键词：PLC；电梯；逻辑控制；程序设计
FIVE-STORY ELEVATOR PLC CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
Along with the rapid development of economic construction, the lift has been working and living in the necessary tools to play an irreplaceable role.
The electrical system consists of the lift drive system and control system composed of two parts. Early elevators use more relay - contactor control system, although its simple cheap and easy to wear contacts, but moving together, and the electric breakdown and maintenance of large, has serious limitations, so the control system only for speed is not high, not high performance requirements of the elevator. The current widespread use of programmable controllers in elevator design (PLC), because of its function in a flexible, fault less, easy maintenance, anti-interference ability, control box covers, therefore, I gradually became the mainstream.
This paper introduces the programmable logic controller (PLC) in the elevator control system application of electrical, hardware design through design thinking methods and procedures introduced, a 5 floor elevator logic control part of the method. Mainly related to 5-story elevator PLC control system design program, composition and modular programming. The design considerations of the three modes: with or without full-time staff elevator and fire control mode, or very comprehensive. When passengers enter the elevator, press the floor button, elevator doors close automatically, the control system determined according to the location of car car running direction, ensure the car to reduce speed when leveling 1s delay after the station opened, the lift station to switch doors 3s, up and down off 4s, and then continue to run under the relevant directives., composition, program design in this elevator control system.
Keywords: PLC; elevator; logic control; program design
摘 要
随着我国的经济建设的迅速发展，电梯已成为工作和生活在必要工具，发挥着不可替代的作用。
电梯的电器系统由拖动系统和控制系统两部分组成。早期电梯多采用继电器—接触器控制系统，虽说其简单价格便宜，但是动合触点易磨损，且电接触不良、维修保养工作量大，具有很大的局限性，因此这种控制系统仅用于速度不高、性能要求也不高的电梯 。目前电梯设计普遍使用可编程控制器（PLC），因其具有功能变化灵活，故障少，维修保养方便，抗干扰能力强，控制箱占地面积少，所以渐渐的成为了主流。
本设计主要介绍可编程控制器（PLC）在电梯电气控制系统中的应用，通过对系统硬件设计方法和程序设计思路的介绍，给出了5层电梯逻辑控制部分的方法。主要涉及5层电梯的PLC控制系统的总体设计方案、组成及模块化程序设计 。本设计考虑了三种运行方式：有无专职人员操控电梯和消防模式，还是很全面的。当乘客进入电梯，按下楼层按钮，电梯门自动关闭后，控制系统根据轿厢所处位置判定轿厢运行方向，保证轿厢平层时减速到站延时1s后开门，电梯到站开关门3s，上下客4s ，然后根据相关指令继续运行。
关键词：PLC；电梯；逻辑控制；程序设计
FIVE-STORY ELEVATOR PLC CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
Along with the rapid development of economic construction, the lift has been working and living in the necessary tools to play an irreplaceable role.
The electrical system consists of the lift drive system and control system composed of two parts. Early elevators use more relay - contactor control system, although its simple cheap and easy to wear contacts, but moving together, and the electric breakdown and maintenance of large, has serious limitations, so the control system only for speed is not high, not high performance requirements of the elevator. The current widespread use of programmable controllers in elevator design (PLC), because of its function in a flexible, fault less, easy maintenance, anti-interference ability, control box covers, therefore, I gradually became the mainstream.
This paper introduces the programmable logic controller (PLC) in the elevator control system application of electrical, hardware design through design thinking methods and procedures introduced, a 5 floor elevator logic control part of the method. Mainly related to 5-story elevator PLC control system design program, composition and modular programming. The design considerations of the three modes: with or without full-time staff elevator and fire control mode, or very comprehensive. When passengers enter the elevator, press the floor button, elevator doors close automatically, the control system determined according to the location of car car running direction, ensure the car to reduce speed when leveling 1s delay after the station opened, the lift station to switch doors 3s, up and down off 4s, and then continue to run under the relevant directives., composition, program design in this elevator control system.
Keywords: PLC; elevator; logic control; program design
目 录
前 言 1
第一章 电梯的概述 2
1.1 电梯的发展简史 2
1.2 电梯的运行工作情况 2
1.3 电梯控制系统的构成 3
1.4 电梯的工作原理及功能要求 4
1.4.1 电梯的变频调速回路 4
第二章 三菱FX2N 系列可编程序控制器介绍 5
2.1 可编程控制器的基础认识 5
2.1.1 三菱FX2N PLC的主要特点： 5
2.1.2 PLC的性能指标和分类 5
2.1.3 PLC系统的组成 6
2.2 可编程序控制器的工作方式及编程语言 7
2.2.1 PLC的工作方式 7
2.2.2 PLC的编程语言 8
2.3 可编程序控制器与继电器、微机在电梯控制中的应用比较 9
2.3.1 继电器—接触器控制系统 9
2.3.2 微机控制系统 9
2.3.3 PLC控制系统 10
第三章 PLC控制单台电梯的分析 11
3.1 电梯的模型结构 11
3.1.1 电梯模型结构 11
3.2 PLC单台电梯控制系统功能介绍 13
3.2.1 PLC 电梯控制系统三种工作方式介绍 13
3.2.2 PLC 单台电梯控制系统的工作流程 14
3.3 PLC控制单台电梯方案 15
3.3.1 PLC I/O地址分配 15
3.3.2 PLC I/O硬件连接图 19
第四章 PLC单台电梯控制系统基本功能梯形图分析 20
4.1 召唤信号登记响应及清除功能 20
4.2 自动定向功能 22
4.3 停站控制功能 24
4.4 厅外开门功能 25
4.5 开门时间、上／下客时间、关门时间、门关闭控制功能 26
4.5.1 开门时间控制功能 26
4.5.2 上／下客时间控制功能 27
4.5.3 关门时间控制功能 27
4.5.4 门关闭控制功能 28
4.6 有司机直驶控制功能 28
4.7 轿厢定位功能 28
4.8 层楼位置显示功能 29
4.9 马达上行／下行、运行显示控制功能 30
结 论 …………………………………………………………………….31
谢 辞 32
参考文献 33
外文资料翻译………………………………………………………….....34
