设计简介
摘 要
本文着重阐明125MW发电机－变压器组继电保护的基本原理，各种基本继电保护的分析方法，短路计算和整定原则，从理论上对发电机、变压器的故障作了分析。随着大容量机组和大型发电厂的出现，发电机－变压器组的接线方式在电力系统中获得了广泛的应用。在发电机和变压器每一个元件上可能出现的故障和不正常运行状态，在发电机－变压器组上也都可能发生，因此，其继电保护装置应能反应发电机和变压器单独运行时所应该反应的那些故障和不正常运行状态。
介绍发电机－变压器组继电保护的配置原则。介绍继电保护的基本原理。在一般情况下，应装设纵差动保护、瓦斯保护、定子绕组单相接地保护、后备保护、过负荷保护以及励磁回路故障的保护等。但由于发电机和变压器的成组连接，相当于一个工作无件，因此，就能把发电机和变压器中某些性能相同的保护全并成一个对全组公用的保护。例如装设公共的纵差动保护、过电流保护、过负荷保护等。这样的结合。可使发电机－变压器组的继电保护变得较为简单和经济。发电机－变压器组继电保护的计算方法（短路计算、整定计算）电力系统在运行中，可能发生各种故障和不正常运行状态，最常见同时也是最危险的故障是发生各种型式的短路，所以需要进行短路计算。进行整定计算时需要校验灵敏度，在选择保护方式及对其进行整定计算时，都必须考虑系统运行方式变化带来的影响，所选用的保护方式，应在各种系统运行方式下都能满足选择性和灵敏性的要求。对过量保护来说，通常都是根据系统最大运行方式来确定保护的整定值，以保证选择性，因为只要在最大运行方式下能保证选择性，在其他运行方式下也一定能保证选择性；灵敏度的检验应根据最小运行方式来进行，因为只要在最小运行方式下，灵敏度符合要求，在其他运行方式下，灵敏度也一定能满足要求。此机组是在最大运行方式下，所以不用检验灵敏度。绘制一次主接线图、发电机－变压器组保护装置配置图、发电机－变压器组控制信号回路展开图、发电机－变压器组保护交、直流回路展开图。
关键词：保护配置，保护原理，短路计算，整定计算
Abstract
This thesis emphasizes to clarify the 125 MW generator － transformer set relay protective and basic principle, various basic after relay protective and analytical method, the short circuit calculation and whole settle the principle, made the analysis to the breakdown of the generator, transformer from the theories. Along with the emergence of the big capacity machine set and large power plant, the generator － transformer set connected the line method to acquire the extensive application in the electric power system. Each component in the generator and transformers up the breakdown of possible emergence and iniquity often circulates the appearance, also may take place on the generator － transformer set, therefore, it relay protection equips and should can respond the generator and transformers to circulate alone should respond of those break down and often circulate the appearance falsely.
The introduction generator － transformer set installs the principle relay protectively.Introduction relay protective and basic principle. Under the condition of general, should equip the to differ to move the protection, gas protection and settle the son to round a list to connect a ground of protection, spare protection, protect over the burden and protection etc. that the back track break down。But combine because of all of the similar to transformer of set conjunction, equal to work have no piece, therefore, can chase the generator and transformers in some functions protections of generators a to a public protection. |For example equip the public to differ to move the protection and conduct electricity to flow the protection and protect etc. over the burden.. Combine thus. Can make the generator － transformer set of relay protection become more simple and economic. The generator － transformer set relay protective calculation method( short circuit calculation, whole settle calculation) electric power system is in the movement, may take place various breakdown and often circulate the appearance falsely, the most familiar also is the most dangerous breakdown is a short circuit that takes place various pattern, so need to carry on the short-circuit calculation. Carry on whole settle the calculation need the school to check the intelligent degree, at choose to protect the way and as to it's carry on whole settle the calculation, must consider the influence that the system movement method variety bring, the protection method for use choose, at the request of circulate in various system under way can satisfy the selectivity and intelligent. To the surfeit protection, usually make sure according to the biggest movement method in system whole protective settle the value, with the assurance selectivity, because as long as can guarantee the selectivity under the biggest movement method, also can certainly guarantee the selectivity under other movement methods;The examination of the intelligent degree is at the request of carry on according to the minimum movement method, because of as long as at minimum the movement is under way, the intelligent degree meet, under other movement methods, the intelligent degree also can certainly satisfy the request. This machine set is under the biggest movement method, so need not examine the intelligent degree. The draw a lord to connect the line diagram, the the generator－ transformer a protection to equip to install the diagram, the a control the signal back the track development, the generator-transformer the set protection the to hand over, direct current back track development. rc .
Keywords: The protection installs Protect the principle The short-circuit calculation Whole settle the calculation.
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
1 引言………………………………………………………………………………………1
2 保护配置…………………………………………………………………………………2
2.1 短路故障保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
2.2 异常运行保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
2.3 其他非电量保护………………………………………………………………… 2
2.4 其他电量保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
3 出口方案……………………………………………………………………………… 3－4
4 继电保护原理………………………………………………………………………… 5－10
4.1 电力变压器保护原理……………………………………………………………5－6
4.2 发电机保护原理…………………………………………………………………6－10
5 计算短路电流………………………………………………………………………… 14－17
短路电流简化图…………………………………………………………………14
5.1 确定基准值………………………………………………………………………15
5.2 短路电流中各主要元件的电抗标幺值…………………………………………15
5.3 计算各点短路电流………………………………………………………………15－18
6 整定计算……………………………………………………………………………… 19
6.1 A柜整定计算……………………………………………………………………16－18
6.2 B柜整定值计算…………………………………………………………………18－20
6.3 C柜整定计算……………………………………………………………………20－21
A B C柜整定值计算汇总表………………………………………………… 21－24
结论……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………… 26
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………… 27
本文着重阐明125MW发电机－变压器组继电保护的基本原理，各种基本继电保护的分析方法，短路计算和整定原则，从理论上对发电机、变压器的故障作了分析。随着大容量机组和大型发电厂的出现，发电机－变压器组的接线方式在电力系统中获得了广泛的应用。在发电机和变压器每一个元件上可能出现的故障和不正常运行状态，在发电机－变压器组上也都可能发生，因此，其继电保护装置应能反应发电机和变压器单独运行时所应该反应的那些故障和不正常运行状态。
介绍发电机－变压器组继电保护的配置原则。介绍继电保护的基本原理。在一般情况下，应装设纵差动保护、瓦斯保护、定子绕组单相接地保护、后备保护、过负荷保护以及励磁回路故障的保护等。但由于发电机和变压器的成组连接，相当于一个工作无件，因此，就能把发电机和变压器中某些性能相同的保护全并成一个对全组公用的保护。例如装设公共的纵差动保护、过电流保护、过负荷保护等。这样的结合。可使发电机－变压器组的继电保护变得较为简单和经济。发电机－变压器组继电保护的计算方法（短路计算、整定计算）电力系统在运行中，可能发生各种故障和不正常运行状态，最常见同时也是最危险的故障是发生各种型式的短路，所以需要进行短路计算。进行整定计算时需要校验灵敏度，在选择保护方式及对其进行整定计算时，都必须考虑系统运行方式变化带来的影响，所选用的保护方式，应在各种系统运行方式下都能满足选择性和灵敏性的要求。对过量保护来说，通常都是根据系统最大运行方式来确定保护的整定值，以保证选择性，因为只要在最大运行方式下能保证选择性，在其他运行方式下也一定能保证选择性；灵敏度的检验应根据最小运行方式来进行，因为只要在最小运行方式下，灵敏度符合要求，在其他运行方式下，灵敏度也一定能满足要求。此机组是在最大运行方式下，所以不用检验灵敏度。绘制一次主接线图、发电机－变压器组保护装置配置图、发电机－变压器组控制信号回路展开图、发电机－变压器组保护交、直流回路展开图。
关键词：保护配置，保护原理，短路计算，整定计算
Abstract
This thesis emphasizes to clarify the 125 MW generator － transformer set relay protective and basic principle, various basic after relay protective and analytical method, the short circuit calculation and whole settle the principle, made the analysis to the breakdown of the generator, transformer from the theories. Along with the emergence of the big capacity machine set and large power plant, the generator － transformer set connected the line method to acquire the extensive application in the electric power system. Each component in the generator and transformers up the breakdown of possible emergence and iniquity often circulates the appearance, also may take place on the generator － transformer set, therefore, it relay protection equips and should can respond the generator and transformers to circulate alone should respond of those break down and often circulate the appearance falsely.
The introduction generator － transformer set installs the principle relay protectively.Introduction relay protective and basic principle. Under the condition of general, should equip the to differ to move the protection, gas protection and settle the son to round a list to connect a ground of protection, spare protection, protect over the burden and protection etc. that the back track break down。But combine because of all of the similar to transformer of set conjunction, equal to work have no piece, therefore, can chase the generator and transformers in some functions protections of generators a to a public protection. |For example equip the public to differ to move the protection and conduct electricity to flow the protection and protect etc. over the burden.. Combine thus. Can make the generator － transformer set of relay protection become more simple and economic. The generator － transformer set relay protective calculation method( short circuit calculation, whole settle calculation) electric power system is in the movement, may take place various breakdown and often circulate the appearance falsely, the most familiar also is the most dangerous breakdown is a short circuit that takes place various pattern, so need to carry on the short-circuit calculation. Carry on whole settle the calculation need the school to check the intelligent degree, at choose to protect the way and as to it's carry on whole settle the calculation, must consider the influence that the system movement method variety bring, the protection method for use choose, at the request of circulate in various system under way can satisfy the selectivity and intelligent. To the surfeit protection, usually make sure according to the biggest movement method in system whole protective settle the value, with the assurance selectivity, because as long as can guarantee the selectivity under the biggest movement method, also can certainly guarantee the selectivity under other movement methods;The examination of the intelligent degree is at the request of carry on according to the minimum movement method, because of as long as at minimum the movement is under way, the intelligent degree meet, under other movement methods, the intelligent degree also can certainly satisfy the request. This machine set is under the biggest movement method, so need not examine the intelligent degree. The draw a lord to connect the line diagram, the the generator－ transformer a protection to equip to install the diagram, the a control the signal back the track development, the generator-transformer the set protection the to hand over, direct current back track development. rc .
Keywords: The protection installs Protect the principle The short-circuit calculation Whole settle the calculation.
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
1 引言………………………………………………………………………………………1
2 保护配置…………………………………………………………………………………2
2.1 短路故障保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
2.2 异常运行保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
2.3 其他非电量保护………………………………………………………………… 2
2.4 其他电量保护…………………………………………………………………… 2
3 出口方案……………………………………………………………………………… 3－4
4 继电保护原理………………………………………………………………………… 5－10
4.1 电力变压器保护原理……………………………………………………………5－6
4.2 发电机保护原理…………………………………………………………………6－10
5 计算短路电流………………………………………………………………………… 14－17
短路电流简化图…………………………………………………………………14
5.1 确定基准值………………………………………………………………………15
5.2 短路电流中各主要元件的电抗标幺值…………………………………………15
5.3 计算各点短路电流………………………………………………………………15－18
6 整定计算……………………………………………………………………………… 19
6.1 A柜整定计算……………………………………………………………………16－18
6.2 B柜整定值计算…………………………………………………………………18－20
6.3 C柜整定计算……………………………………………………………………20－21
A B C柜整定值计算汇总表………………………………………………… 21－24
结论……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………… 26
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………… 27
