摘  要

电解加工是利用金属在电解液中发生电化学阳极溶解的原理将工件加工成形的一种特种加工方法。加工时，工件接直流电源的正极，工具接负极，两极之间保持较小的间隙。电解液从极间间隙中流过，使两极之间形成导电通路，并在电源电压下产生电流，从而形成电化学阳极溶解。随着工具相对工件不断进给，工件金属不断被电解，电解产物不断被电解液冲走，最终两极间各处的间隙趋于一致，工件表面形成与工具工作面基本相似的形状。
根据研究对象航空锻件【变速叉】热锻模，设计一套加工该热锻模的电解加工工装，包括：（1）航空锻件【变速叉】热锻模电解加工阴极；（2）装夹热锻模加工阴极和工件的夹具装置；（3）运用Pro/E、UG等软件画出航空锻件【变速叉】热锻模电解加工工装三维装配图。电解加工装置除了应保证工件装夹和定位外，还应考虑导电、供液、流场分布，非加工面的保护，工件和工具（即正负极、阴阳极）之间的绝缘等问题。
 
关键词：电解加工，航空锻件【变速叉】锻模，工装设计

Abstract

Electrochemical machining is based on the principle of electrochemical anodic dissolution occurs in the electrolyte will be a special processing method for workpiece machining. Processing, workpiece is connected to the positive DC power supply, tool is connected with the negative pole, keep a small gap between the poles. The electrolyte flow from the inter electrode gap, so that the formation of a conductive path between the poles, and generates a current in the power supply voltage, thereby forming an electrochemical anodic dissolution. With continuous feed of the tool relative to the workpiece, the workpiece metal continuous electrolysis, electrolysis products have been washed away the gap between the two poles of electrolyte, ultimately all converge, forming the basic similarity and tool face shape workpiece surface.
According to the research object coupling ring of hot forging die shift fork, electrolytic processing to design a set of processing the shift fork hot forging die, including: ( 1 ) connecting the ECM cathode ring shift fork hot forging die; ( 2 ) fixture clamping device of hot forging die machining cathode and workpiece; ( 3 ) the use of Pro/E, UG and other software to draw a connection ring of shift fork hot forging die electrochemical machining tooling 3D assembly drawing. Electrolytic processing apparatus should not only ensure the workpiece clamping and positioning, but also should consider conducting, fluid, flow field distribution, not processing surface protection, workpiece and tool (i.e., positive and negative, yin and Yang ) insulation problem between.
Key Words: Electrochemical machining, shift fork forging die, fixture design