设计简介
摘要
换热器，是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，使流体温度达到工艺流程规定的指标的热量交换设备，又称热交换器。换热器是化工、石油、动力、食品及其它许多工业部门的通用设备，在生产中占有重要地位。双孔重叠加热半容积式换热器内置加热器，主要原理是通过提高管内热媒与管外被加热水的流速，变层流换为紊流换热，充分发挥换热管的热交换作用，消除被加热水的短路现象，大幅度提高传热系数，从而达到提高传热效率，提高供热量。 本设计的双孔重叠加热半容积换热器。对于本设计我做了相关研究，主要包括以下几点：首先确定双孔重叠换热器的结构方案，并说明其工作原理。其次，设计了材料的选取方向以及参考参数进行计算。首先进行工艺计算，确认传热面积、平均温差、估计换热量及产热水量以及传热系数K，计算压力降。
U型管换热器的结构设计，其中包括：筒体内径的确定，管板和换热管的选择、支撑板、折流板拉杆与定距离.防短路结构，吊耳、防冲挡板、法兰的选用、垫片、支座。
U型管换热器开孔、罐体水压试验及其壳体的强度校核、换热器管程水压试验及其壳体强度校核、管板校核
检验与控制，这章主要介绍如何控制及使用此换热器，及需要注意的地方，并且配有图纸。
最后是制造、检验、安装与维修，这里包括个零件的制造的工艺要求，以及装配过程，出现故障的处理方法等等。
最后是结论。
关键字: 工艺计算； U型管换热器设计； 强度校核； 检测与控制； 制造； 安全及维修
the cylinder body are determined, selection of tube plate and a heat exchange tube, a support plate, a baffle plate pull rod and fixed distance. Anti short circuit structure, lug, impingement baffle, the flange of the selection, gaskets, bearings.
U tube heat exchanger opening, tank water pressure test and the strength of the shell check, heat exchanger tube pressure test and its shell strength check, tube sheet check.
U tube heat exchanger opening, tank water pressure test and the strength of the shell check, heat exchanger tube pressure test and its shell strength check, tube sheet check
Inspection and control, this chapter describes how to control and use the heat exchanger, and the need to pay attention to the place, and with drawings.
Finally, manufacturing, testing, installation and maintenance, including parts of the manufacturing process requirements, as well as the assembly process, the failure of the processing methods and so on.
The last is the conclusion.
Key words: process calculation; design of U type tube heat exchanger; strength check; inspection and control; manufacture; safety and maintenance
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 国内外研究动态 2
1.3 选题的依据和意义 4
第二章 工艺计算 6
2.1.设计已知条件 6
2.2 确定物性参数 6
2.3 确定传热面积 6
2.4 平均温度差 7
2.5 总传热系数K 7
2.6 估算换热量及产热水量 7
2.7 校核传热系数K 8
2.8 计算压力降 10
1.管程压力降Δpi 10
2.壳程压力降Δps 11
2.9 本章小结 13
第三章 U型管换热器结构设计 14
3.1 筒体内径确定 14
3.2 管板与换热器 14
3.3 支撑板 14
3.4 折流板 14
3.5 拉杆与定距管 15
3.6 防短路结构 16
3.7 防冲挡板 17
3.8 法兰的选用 18
3.9 垫片 18
3.10支座 18
第四章 强度校准 20
4.1 换热器课客体计算 20
4.1.1 筒体 20
4.1.2 封头 20
4.2 罐体计算 20
4.2.1 罐体 20
4.3 开孔补强设计 21
4.3.1 接管h j 21
4.3.2 接管f g 23
4.4 U型管换热器开孔 23
4.5 入孔开孔 26
4.6 罐体水压试验及其壳体的强度校准 28
4.7 换热器管程水压试验及其壳体的强度 校准 28
4.8 管板校准 29
4.9 本章小结 30
第五章 检测与控制 31
副调节器选用正作用，主调节器选用反作用 31
第六章 制造、检验、安装与维修 34
6.1 概述 34
6.2 材料验收 34
6.3 筒体的制造 35
6.4 封头的制造 36
6.5 管板的制造 36
6.6 管束的制造 37
6.7 接管的制造 37
6.8 装配 38
6.9油 漆、包装 39
6.10 换热器在使用中常见故障及处理 39
结论 41
致谢 43
换热器，是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，使流体温度达到工艺流程规定的指标的热量交换设备，又称热交换器。换热器是化工、石油、动力、食品及其它许多工业部门的通用设备，在生产中占有重要地位。双孔重叠加热半容积式换热器内置加热器，主要原理是通过提高管内热媒与管外被加热水的流速，变层流换为紊流换热，充分发挥换热管的热交换作用，消除被加热水的短路现象，大幅度提高传热系数，从而达到提高传热效率，提高供热量。 本设计的双孔重叠加热半容积换热器。对于本设计我做了相关研究，主要包括以下几点：首先确定双孔重叠换热器的结构方案，并说明其工作原理。其次，设计了材料的选取方向以及参考参数进行计算。首先进行工艺计算，确认传热面积、平均温差、估计换热量及产热水量以及传热系数K，计算压力降。
U型管换热器的结构设计，其中包括：筒体内径的确定，管板和换热管的选择、支撑板、折流板拉杆与定距离.防短路结构，吊耳、防冲挡板、法兰的选用、垫片、支座。
U型管换热器开孔、罐体水压试验及其壳体的强度校核、换热器管程水压试验及其壳体强度校核、管板校核
检验与控制，这章主要介绍如何控制及使用此换热器，及需要注意的地方，并且配有图纸。
最后是制造、检验、安装与维修，这里包括个零件的制造的工艺要求，以及装配过程，出现故障的处理方法等等。
最后是结论。
关键字: 工艺计算； U型管换热器设计； 强度校核； 检测与控制； 制造； 安全及维修
Abstract
The heat exchanger is a device which can transfer the heat of the heat fluid to the cold fluid, so that the fluid temperature can reach the index of the process flow. Heat exchanger is a general equipment for chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial sectors, and plays an important role in the production. Double overlapping heating semi volumetric heat exchanger built-in heater, the main principle is through improve the tube of the heat medium and the tube by heating the water flow rate, laminar convective turbulent convection heat transfer, give full play to the heat exchange tube heat exchange effect and to eliminate the short-circuit phenomenon of the water heating, greatly improve the transmission coefficient of heat, so as to improve the heat transfer efficiency, improve the amount of heating. The design of the double overlapping heating half volume heat exchanger. I did the research for the design, mainly including the following several points: first determine Double overlap for the structure design of the heat exchanger, and its work principle. Secondly, the design of the material selection direction and reference parameters are calculated. The process calculation is carried out, the heat transfer area, the average temperature difference, the heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient K are calculated, and the pressure drop is calculated.
U-tube heat exchanger structure design, including: the inner diameter of
The heat exchanger is a device which can transfer the heat of the heat fluid to the cold fluid, so that the fluid temperature can reach the index of the process flow. Heat exchanger is a general equipment for chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial sectors, and plays an important role in the production. Double overlapping heating semi volumetric heat exchanger built-in heater, the main principle is through improve the tube of the heat medium and the tube by heating the water flow rate, laminar convective turbulent convection heat transfer, give full play to the heat exchange tube heat exchange effect and to eliminate the short-circuit phenomenon of the water heating, greatly improve the transmission coefficient of heat, so as to improve the heat transfer efficiency, improve the amount of heating. The design of the double overlapping heating half volume heat exchanger. I did the research for the design, mainly including the following several points: first determine Double overlap for the structure design of the heat exchanger, and its work principle. Secondly, the design of the material selection direction and reference parameters are calculated. The process calculation is carried out, the heat transfer area, the average temperature difference, the heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient K are calculated, and the pressure drop is calculated.
U-tube heat exchanger structure design, including: the inner diameter of
the cylinder body are determined, selection of tube plate and a heat exchange tube, a support plate, a baffle plate pull rod and fixed distance. Anti short circuit structure, lug, impingement baffle, the flange of the selection, gaskets, bearings.
U tube heat exchanger opening, tank water pressure test and the strength of the shell check, heat exchanger tube pressure test and its shell strength check, tube sheet check.
U tube heat exchanger opening, tank water pressure test and the strength of the shell check, heat exchanger tube pressure test and its shell strength check, tube sheet check
Inspection and control, this chapter describes how to control and use the heat exchanger, and the need to pay attention to the place, and with drawings.
Finally, manufacturing, testing, installation and maintenance, including parts of the manufacturing process requirements, as well as the assembly process, the failure of the processing methods and so on.
The last is the conclusion.
Key words: process calculation; design of U type tube heat exchanger; strength check; inspection and control; manufacture; safety and maintenance
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 国内外研究动态 2
1.3 选题的依据和意义 4
第二章 工艺计算 6
2.1.设计已知条件 6
2.2 确定物性参数 6
2.3 确定传热面积 6
2.4 平均温度差 7
2.5 总传热系数K 7
2.6 估算换热量及产热水量 7
2.7 校核传热系数K 8
2.8 计算压力降 10
1.管程压力降Δpi 10
2.壳程压力降Δps 11
2.9 本章小结 13
第三章 U型管换热器结构设计 14
3.1 筒体内径确定 14
3.2 管板与换热器 14
3.3 支撑板 14
3.4 折流板 14
3.5 拉杆与定距管 15
3.6 防短路结构 16
3.7 防冲挡板 17
3.8 法兰的选用 18
3.9 垫片 18
3.10支座 18
第四章 强度校准 20
4.1 换热器课客体计算 20
4.1.1 筒体 20
4.1.2 封头 20
4.2 罐体计算 20
4.2.1 罐体 20
4.3 开孔补强设计 21
4.3.1 接管h j 21
4.3.2 接管f g 23
4.4 U型管换热器开孔 23
4.5 入孔开孔 26
4.6 罐体水压试验及其壳体的强度校准 28
4.7 换热器管程水压试验及其壳体的强度 校准 28
4.8 管板校准 29
4.9 本章小结 30
第五章 检测与控制 31
副调节器选用正作用，主调节器选用反作用 31
第六章 制造、检验、安装与维修 34
6.1 概述 34
6.2 材料验收 34
6.3 筒体的制造 35
6.4 封头的制造 36
6.5 管板的制造 36
6.6 管束的制造 37
6.7 接管的制造 37
6.8 装配 38
6.9油 漆、包装 39
6.10 换热器在使用中常见故障及处理 39
结论 41
致谢 43
