设计简介
摘要
换热器是工业生产中经常用的设备，在不同工作环境下对换热器的性能要求不同，它是冷热流体间能够传递热量的设备。本次的设计为浮头式换热器，浮头式换热器最主要的是由管箱、管板、壳体、折流板等主要部分构成。浮头换热器的一侧是固定管板与壳体紧密固定，另外一端则为浮动管板与浮头相连接。因此，热应力的优点是比较小的，容易检查，清洁。这种结构的缺点是更复杂。
本次设计的主要设计参数为：设计压力管程为0.99Map，壳程为2.75Mpa，工作温度管程为80℃，壳程温度为175℃，设计温度管程为95℃，壳程温度为200℃。管程介质为2.5Mpa的水，壳程介质为0.9Mpa的水蒸汽。在计算校核方面，进行了传统的工艺计算和强度计算。在传统的传热工艺计算中，主要包括有传热的面积，传递的热量及其系数的确定，流量，压降变化及壁温的验算等等问题，这些都是应用有关的国家标准和规定校核和计算得来的。在强度计算侧重于管体，管箱，头，接受，支持，隔板和板厚计算和挡板，其他部件的设计和管法兰，垫片，安装，组合，但也为一些强度校核。本设计主要是依GB151《管壳式换热器》和 GB150《压力容器》等为根据设计的。换热器在工业、农业等各个的领域运用十分的广泛，当然在日常生活中和现实中的传热设备也随处可以见到，是不可能缺少的工艺设备和单元之一。随着研究的不断深入，工业应用也取得了显著的成效。
换热器是工业生产中经常用的设备，在不同工作环境下对换热器的性能要求不同，它是冷热流体间能够传递热量的设备。本次的设计为浮头式换热器，浮头式换热器最主要的是由管箱、管板、壳体、折流板等主要部分构成。浮头换热器的一侧是固定管板与壳体紧密固定，另外一端则为浮动管板与浮头相连接。因此，热应力的优点是比较小的，容易检查，清洁。这种结构的缺点是更复杂。
本次设计的主要设计参数为：设计压力管程为0.99Map，壳程为2.75Mpa，工作温度管程为80℃，壳程温度为175℃，设计温度管程为95℃，壳程温度为200℃。管程介质为2.5Mpa的水，壳程介质为0.9Mpa的水蒸汽。在计算校核方面，进行了传统的工艺计算和强度计算。在传统的传热工艺计算中，主要包括有传热的面积，传递的热量及其系数的确定，流量，压降变化及壁温的验算等等问题，这些都是应用有关的国家标准和规定校核和计算得来的。在强度计算侧重于管体，管箱，头，接受，支持，隔板和板厚计算和挡板，其他部件的设计和管法兰，垫片，安装，组合，但也为一些强度校核。本设计主要是依GB151《管壳式换热器》和 GB150《压力容器》等为根据设计的。换热器在工业、农业等各个的领域运用十分的广泛，当然在日常生活中和现实中的传热设备也随处可以见到，是不可能缺少的工艺设备和单元之一。随着研究的不断深入，工业应用也取得了显著的成效。
本次设计中，多增加了排污口，放净口和备用口，挺高了产品的清洁能力和安全性能。在数据估计中，多增加些余量，保证了产品的安全运行。
关键词: 换热器; 管板; 传统工艺计算; 强度安全校核; 应用范围
关键词: 换热器; 管板; 传统工艺计算; 强度安全校核; 应用范围
Abstract
Heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industrial production equipment in different work conditions of heat exchangers performance requirements are different，it transfer it between cold and heat flow. These designs are floating head heat exchangers, they are made up of tube box 、tube sheet、shell、heat exchange tube、baffle plate、draw bar、spacer pipe、floating head cover and so on. One tube sheet of the exchangers are connected with shell. So it’s easy to check and clean. On the other hand the structure of they complex.
The design of the main design parameters for design pressure for tube side 0.99Mpa, shell 2.75Mpa, the working temperature of the tube to 80 DEG C, shell temperature to 175 DEG C, design temperature tube pass is 95 DEG C, shell temperature for 200 DEG C. the shell is 2.5Mpa water, the tube side is 0.9Mpa water vapor. In the calculation and verification, the traditional process calculation and intensity calculation are carried out..In the calculation exchangers of the heat transfer process, heat transfer coefficient of determination and change the inner diameter of the heat exchanger and types of heat exchange tube of choice, and heat transfers coefficient and pressure drop and wall temperature calculation and so on. In the strength calculation focuses on the tube, tube box, head, accept, support, the baffle plate and the
Heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industrial production equipment in different work conditions of heat exchangers performance requirements are different，it transfer it between cold and heat flow. These designs are floating head heat exchangers, they are made up of tube box 、tube sheet、shell、heat exchange tube、baffle plate、draw bar、spacer pipe、floating head cover and so on. One tube sheet of the exchangers are connected with shell. So it’s easy to check and clean. On the other hand the structure of they complex.
The design of the main design parameters for design pressure for tube side 0.99Mpa, shell 2.75Mpa, the working temperature of the tube to 80 DEG C, shell temperature to 175 DEG C, design temperature tube pass is 95 DEG C, shell temperature for 200 DEG C. the shell is 2.5Mpa water, the tube side is 0.9Mpa water vapor. In the calculation and verification, the traditional process calculation and intensity calculation are carried out..In the calculation exchangers of the heat transfer process, heat transfer coefficient of determination and change the inner diameter of the heat exchanger and types of heat exchange tube of choice, and heat transfers coefficient and pressure drop and wall temperature calculation and so on. In the strength calculation focuses on the tube, tube box, head, accept, support, the baffle plate and the
plate thickness are calculated and the baffle, other parts of the design and pipe flanges, gaskets, installation, portfolio, but also for some strength check. This design is according to GB151 "shell and tube heat exchanger" and GB150 " pressure vessel" and other design. Heat exchanger in industrial, agriculture and other fields use is very extensive, of course, the heat transfer equipment in the daily life and the reality everywhere can see is one of is likely to lack of process equipment and unit. The industry application also obtained the remarkable effect.
In this design, increase the sewage outfall, drain and reserve, cleaning ability and safety performance of the product is high. In the data estimation, the increase of some margin, to ensure the safe operation of the product.
Keywords: heat exchanger; floating tube sheet; heat transfer calculation; strength check; application
目 录
前言 1
第一章热力计算 3
1.1 原始数据 3
1.2 定性温度和物性参数计算 3
1.3 初选结构 4
1.4 管程换热计算及流量计算 4
1.5 壳程换热计算 6
1.6 传热系数 7
1.7 管程压降 8
1.8 壳程压降 9
1.9 压强校核 9
第二章结构设计 11
2.1 换热流程设计 11
2.2 管子和传热面积 11
2.3 管子排列方式 11
2.4 壳体 12
2.5 管箱 13
2.5.1. 封头 13
2.5.2. 箱壳 14
2.6 固定管板 14
2.7 分程隔板 14
2.7.1 管程分程隔板 14
2.7.2 壳程分程隔板 15
2.8 折流板 15
2.9 拉杆 16
2.10 进出口管 16
2.10.1. 管程进出管 16
2.10.2. 壳程进出口管 16
2.11 浮头箱 17
2.12 浮头 17
2.13 补强圈 18
2.14 法兰 18
2.14.1 法兰密封面的型式 18
2.14.2 壳体法兰 18
2.14.3 接管法兰 19
2.15 支座 20
第三章安装与拆卸 23
参考文献 25
致谢 26
