设计简介
摘要
本设计是中草药行业处理3750Kg/h的四效降膜蒸发系统,对系统的蒸发罐、分离器、热能压缩泵、预热器、冷凝器、离心泵、真空泵及其他附属设备进行了设计,设计主要包括降膜蒸发器的特点及选择工艺流程、选题设计与论证、设计计算、技术经济分析、安装准备要求与安装调试注意事项等几大部分。其中设计计算包括物料衡算,热量衡算,热能压缩泵、预热器、管路、冷凝器、真空泵的设计与选择。本设计的设计任务是:通过于查阅工具书及相关参考资料,了解预热器,蒸发罐,热压泵,分离器和其他附件等各部件的结构和功能,并分析它们在各种载荷下的受力及各种应变,通过分步完成各部件的选材,设计计算和各种应力校核,最终完成一个行业处理3750Kg/h的四效降膜蒸发系统的设计,指明在工业应用中的注意事项并制定各种安全防护措旅来保证安全使用。
本设备采用顺流进料,具有热效率高、节能、物料预热温差小,有利于保证产品的质量、并且冷却水消耗量低。设备在低温条件下进行连续操作,具有蒸发能力高、节能降耗、设备占地面积小、传热效果佳、运行费用低、经济性高、便于操作,且能保证物料在蒸发过程中不变性等特点。其中有许多部分的设计借鉴了国内外的一些先进的理论和方法,以合理经、济为设计原则,力争达到技术先进、质量达标、操作方便、能耗低及无污染的设计目标,此设计的优点是传热效果好、热能利用率高、生产效益高、易于制造。
文字资料完成文献综述一份,设计计算书一份,设计说明书一份,设计中所查参考的参考文献记载一份。
关键词: 中草药: 四效; 降膜;
蒸发系统
Abstract
This design is the herbal industry under 3750Kg / h four-effect falling film evaporator system, the system's evaporator, separator, thermal compression pump, preheater, condenser, centrifugal pumps, vacuum pumps and other ancillary equipment design, design includes the characteristics of falling film evaporator and selection process, selection design and feasibility studies, design calculations, technical and economic analysis, installation preparation requirements and installation precautions in several parts.The design of the design tasks are: through them under various loads to consult books and related reference information, learn preheater, structure and functions of the components of the evaporation tank, hot pumps, separators and other accessories, and analysis the stress and strain of various by step through the selection, design calculations and various stress check of the components, the final completion of a business process design 3750Kg / h four-effect falling film evaporation system, specified in industrial applications Caution and develop a variety of security measures to ensure the safe use of trip.
Design and calculation of which includes material balance, heat balance, heat compression pump, preheater, piping, condensers, vacuum pump design and selection. This equipment is used downstream feed with high thermal efficiency, energy saving, material preheating temperature low to ensure the quality of products and low consumption of cooling water. Equipment in continuous operation under low temperature conditions, with high evaporation capacity, energy saving, small footprint devices, good heat transfer, low cost, economy, ease of operation, and can ensure the material in the evaporation process of invariance and so on. Many of which are part of the design draws on a number of domestic and foreign advanced theory and methods, with reasonable on the economic principles for the design, and strive to achieve the advanced technology, quality standards, easy operation, low energy consumption and pollution of the design goals, this design the advantage of effective heat transfer, thermal efficiency, high production-effective, easy to manufacture.
Key words: Chinese herbal medicine; four of them; falling film; evaporation system
目 录
第一章 绪 论 11.1 中草药及其生产现状 1
1.2 蒸发技术 1
1.3 设备的工艺设计要求 2
1.3.1 设计程序 2
1.3.2 对蒸发设备的要求 3
第二章 选题设计与论证 4
2.1 设计论述 4
2.2 蒸发系统设计与论证 4
2.2.1 浓缩设备的特点 4
2.2.2 降膜蒸发器的特点 5
2.2.3 三效降膜蒸发器的特点 5
2.2.4多效降膜式蒸发器的特点 6
第三章 设计计算 7
3.1 物料衡算 7
3.2 热量衡算 7
3.2.1 热压泵的喷射系数 7
3.2.2 一效蒸发罐的热量衡算 8
3.2.3 二效蒸发罐的热量衡算 9
3.2.4 三效蒸发罐的热量衡算 10
3.2.5 四效蒸发罐的热量衡算 12
3.2.6 总热量衡算 13
3.3 蒸发罐设计计算 13
3.3.1 传热量的计算 13
3.3.2 各效蒸发罐设计 14
3.3.3 周边流量较核: 15
3.3.4 蒸发罐筒体内径 18
3.3.5 蒸发罐壁厚较核 18
3.4 各效预热盘管的设计计算 19
3.5 分离器直径和高度的设计 23
3.6 热能压缩泵的设计 26
3.6.1 拉伐尔喷嘴的计算 26
3.6.2 泵体的基本尺寸 27
3.6.3 扩压室的设计计算 29
3.7 预热器的设计 29
3.8 冷凝器的设计 30
3.9 管路设计计算 32
3.9.1蒸汽矩形管道设计 32
3.9.2 汁汽管设计 33
3.9.3 物料管设计 35
3.9.4 上、下不凝气管 36
3.9.5 冷凝水出口管 36
3.10 泵的设计与选择 37
3.10.1 离心泵的设计与选择 37
3.10.2 真空泵的选择与设计 37
第四章 技术经济分析 39
第五章 设备安装调试与注意事项 40
参考文献 42
致谢 43