设计简介
摘要
换热器是进行热交换操作的通用工艺设备，被广泛应用于各个工业部门。特别是在石油和化学工业生产中，常常需要把低温流体加热或者把高温流体冷却，把液体汽化成蒸汽或者把蒸汽冷凝成液体。
本次的设计是一种卧式浮头式换热器，其适用于管束与程壳之间壁差大或壳程的介质容易结垢的地方，并且在各种工业领域中有着相对宽的应用。浮头式换热器主要由管箱，管板，壳体，折流板，传热管，拉杆，钩圈，定距管，浮头盖等组成。浮头换热器的端部被固定的情况下，另一端是浮管板。这样做的好处是热应力小，容易检查，清洗。
浮头式换热器壳程具有单壳和双壳二种，一般为单壳式冷凝器。管程数有二管程，四管程等，本设计采用单壳程，双管程。
为了适应这些新的形势，所以有必要对换热器的设计有一定的了解。文章首先是对换热器的知识进行了概述，对换热器的自身改进进行了讨论；其次主要是对换热器进行总体设计，确定设计类型、结构形式及流程，然后进行换热器的计算，包括初选结构、传热计算和压降计算，工艺计算所得的传热面积是下一步结构设计的前提；再次主要是对换热器进行结构设计与强度计算，结构设计的任务是根据工艺计算所决定的初步结构数据，进一步设计全部结构尺寸，选定材料并进行强度校核，最后绘成图纸。
关键词: 浮头； 换热器; 浮动管板； 传热计算； 强度校核
Abstract
Heat is the general process equipment for exchanging heat, and is used to many kinds of the industrial department. Especially, in petroleum and chemical industry production, we usually needs to heat the hypothermia fluid or cool the hyperthermia fluid, and the fluid vaporize into fume or the fume condensed into fluid.
The design is a horizontal floating head heat exchanger adapted to drive the shell wall between the tubes and the difference is large or medium shell fouling place easily, and has a relatively broad application in various industrial fields. Floating head heat exchanger consists of tube box, tube sheet, shell, baffles, heat transfer tube, rod, hook and loop, fixed pitch pipe, floating head cover and other components. By the end of the floating head heat exchanger is fixed, the other end of the floating tube sheet. This has the advantage that the thermal stress is small, easy inspection, cleaning. The disadvantage is that more complex structures.
Floating head heat exchanger shell has a single hull and double hull two kinds, usually single-hull condenser. Number of tube has two drive four Cheng et al., The design uses a single shell, double tube.
For adapting the new phase, we must understand the design of heat exchanger. The oneself improvement that article is which make the heat exchanger of the knowledge to proceeds the summarize first, make the heat exchanger proceeded discussion; The next in order and primarily make the heat exchanger the total design, certain design of proceeding the type, construction the form and process, then proceeds craft calculation, and include the primary election construction, transmit heat the calculation with press to decline calculation, craft calculation transmit heating of income area is next move construction premise that design; Again and primarily is which make the heat exchanger to proceeding structural design and compute with the strength, and the structural design to compute the first step construction for decision the data, size of all constructions of further design according to the craft calculation, and make selection the material and proceed strength collate, finally draw diagram paper.
Keywords: heat exchanger; floating tube sheet; heat transfer
calculation; intensity verification
目 录
前言 1
第一章 换热器传热工艺计算 3
1.1 原始数据 3
1.2 定性温度及确定其物性参数 3
1.2.1 管程 3
1.2.2 壳程 3
1.3 传热量与水蒸汽流量计算 4
1.4 有效平均温度 4
1.5管程换热系数计算 4
1.6管程结构初步设计 5
1.7壳程换热系数计算 6
1.8总传热系数计算 6
1.9管壁温度计算 7
1.10管程压力降计算 7
第二章 强度计算 8
2.1 换热管材料及规格的选择和根数确定 8
2.2确定筒体内径 8
2.3确定筒体壁厚 9
2.3.1筒体液压试验 9
2.4管箱封头厚度计算 10
2.5浮头侧封头厚度计算 10
2.6设备法兰的选择 11
2.6.1容器法兰的选择 12
2.6.2接管法兰的选择 12
2.7管板的设计 13
2.8钩圈式浮头 17
2.8.1管程压力作用下浮头盖得计算 17
2.8.2壳程压力作用下浮头盖得计算 18
2.8.4管程压力作用下浮头法兰的计算 19
2.9浮动管板 22
2.10钩圈的选择 23
2.11折流板的选择 23
2.12拉杆和定距管的确定 23
2.13管箱短节壁厚的计算 24
第三章 校核计算 24
3.1 水压试验 24
3.2接管及开孔补强 25
3.3择及应力校核 26
3.3.1支座的选择 26
3.3.2鞍座的应力校核 27
结束语 31
参考文献 32
致谢 33
换热器是进行热交换操作的通用工艺设备，被广泛应用于各个工业部门。特别是在石油和化学工业生产中，常常需要把低温流体加热或者把高温流体冷却，把液体汽化成蒸汽或者把蒸汽冷凝成液体。
本次的设计是一种卧式浮头式换热器，其适用于管束与程壳之间壁差大或壳程的介质容易结垢的地方，并且在各种工业领域中有着相对宽的应用。浮头式换热器主要由管箱，管板，壳体，折流板，传热管，拉杆，钩圈，定距管，浮头盖等组成。浮头换热器的端部被固定的情况下，另一端是浮管板。这样做的好处是热应力小，容易检查，清洗。
浮头式换热器壳程具有单壳和双壳二种，一般为单壳式冷凝器。管程数有二管程，四管程等，本设计采用单壳程，双管程。
为了适应这些新的形势，所以有必要对换热器的设计有一定的了解。文章首先是对换热器的知识进行了概述，对换热器的自身改进进行了讨论；其次主要是对换热器进行总体设计，确定设计类型、结构形式及流程，然后进行换热器的计算，包括初选结构、传热计算和压降计算，工艺计算所得的传热面积是下一步结构设计的前提；再次主要是对换热器进行结构设计与强度计算，结构设计的任务是根据工艺计算所决定的初步结构数据，进一步设计全部结构尺寸，选定材料并进行强度校核，最后绘成图纸。
关键词: 浮头； 换热器; 浮动管板； 传热计算； 强度校核
Abstract
Heat is the general process equipment for exchanging heat, and is used to many kinds of the industrial department. Especially, in petroleum and chemical industry production, we usually needs to heat the hypothermia fluid or cool the hyperthermia fluid, and the fluid vaporize into fume or the fume condensed into fluid.
The design is a horizontal floating head heat exchanger adapted to drive the shell wall between the tubes and the difference is large or medium shell fouling place easily, and has a relatively broad application in various industrial fields. Floating head heat exchanger consists of tube box, tube sheet, shell, baffles, heat transfer tube, rod, hook and loop, fixed pitch pipe, floating head cover and other components. By the end of the floating head heat exchanger is fixed, the other end of the floating tube sheet. This has the advantage that the thermal stress is small, easy inspection, cleaning. The disadvantage is that more complex structures.
Floating head heat exchanger shell has a single hull and double hull two kinds, usually single-hull condenser. Number of tube has two drive four Cheng et al., The design uses a single shell, double tube.
For adapting the new phase, we must understand the design of heat exchanger. The oneself improvement that article is which make the heat exchanger of the knowledge to proceeds the summarize first, make the heat exchanger proceeded discussion; The next in order and primarily make the heat exchanger the total design, certain design of proceeding the type, construction the form and process, then proceeds craft calculation, and include the primary election construction, transmit heat the calculation with press to decline calculation, craft calculation transmit heating of income area is next move construction premise that design; Again and primarily is which make the heat exchanger to proceeding structural design and compute with the strength, and the structural design to compute the first step construction for decision the data, size of all constructions of further design according to the craft calculation, and make selection the material and proceed strength collate, finally draw diagram paper.
Keywords: heat exchanger; floating tube sheet; heat transfer
calculation; intensity verification
目 录
前言 1
第一章 换热器传热工艺计算 3
1.1 原始数据 3
1.2 定性温度及确定其物性参数 3
1.2.1 管程 3
1.2.2 壳程 3
1.3 传热量与水蒸汽流量计算 4
1.4 有效平均温度 4
1.5管程换热系数计算 4
1.6管程结构初步设计 5
1.7壳程换热系数计算 6
1.8总传热系数计算 6
1.9管壁温度计算 7
1.10管程压力降计算 7
第二章 强度计算 8
2.1 换热管材料及规格的选择和根数确定 8
2.2确定筒体内径 8
2.3确定筒体壁厚 9
2.3.1筒体液压试验 9
2.4管箱封头厚度计算 10
2.5浮头侧封头厚度计算 10
2.6设备法兰的选择 11
2.6.1容器法兰的选择 12
2.6.2接管法兰的选择 12
2.7管板的设计 13
2.8钩圈式浮头 17
2.8.1管程压力作用下浮头盖得计算 17
2.8.2壳程压力作用下浮头盖得计算 18
2.8.4管程压力作用下浮头法兰的计算 19
2.9浮动管板 22
2.10钩圈的选择 23
2.11折流板的选择 23
2.12拉杆和定距管的确定 23
2.13管箱短节壁厚的计算 24
第三章 校核计算 24
3.1 水压试验 24
3.2接管及开孔补强 25
3.3择及应力校核 26
3.3.1支座的选择 26
3.3.2鞍座的应力校核 27
结束语 31
参考文献 32
致谢 33
