设计简介
摘要
本次设计使我认真的认识到了自己在本专业应学习的主要内容以及短板，换热器的设计工作主要有换热器综述，换热器的工艺计算以及结构强度计算。其中换热器工艺计算中需要根据初始数据计算其处理量以及工艺参数，换热器的结构强度计算主要集中在折流板，筒体以及开口上[1]。
冷凝器是使用范围很广的一种化工设备，属于换热器的一种。本设计任务主要是根据已知条件选择采用固定管板式换热器的设计。首先根据给出的设计温度和设计压力来确定设备的结构形式以及壳程和管程的材料，然后根据物料性质和传热面积来确定换热管的材料，尺寸，根数。根据换热管的根数确定换热管的排列，并根据换热管的排列和长度来确定筒体直径以及折流板的选择。通过对容器的内径和内外压的计算来确定壳体和封头的厚度并进行强度校核。然后是对换热器各部件的零部件的强度设计，有法兰的选择和设计计算与校核，钩圈及浮头法兰的设计计算与校核和管子拉脱力的计算[2]。还包括管板的结构设计、防冲挡板、滑道结构的设计以及支座设计。结构设计中的标准件可以参照国家标准根据设计条件直接选取；非标准件，设计完结构后必须进行相应的应力校核。
关键词：换热器； 强度设计； 结构设计
Abstract
Condenser is a kind of chemical equipment which has wide range of application and it is also a kind of heat exchanger.The main task of this thesis is to design a floating heat exchanger based on some known information. It is important to determine the type of construction of the equipment and the material of its shell pass and tube pass first. Then, the material, size and number of the exchange tube are decided by material property and its heat transfer area. The exchange tubes need to be arranged on the basis of its number. What’s more, the diameter and the choice of baffle board are influenced by the arrangement and length of exchange tubes. Furthermore, the thickness of the shell and shell cover is determined by the inner diameter and the calculation of inner and outer pressure of the container. Meanwhile, its intensity also needed to be checked[3]. Next, it is also vital to design the intensity of components of heat exchanger, including the choice, calculation and checking of flange, floating flange and backing device, also the calculation of pulling-out force of the tubes. In addition, there are other things to be designed carefully, including tube plate, impingement baffle, slide and support. During the design of structure, standard components can be referred to national standards according to the design conditions of the direct selection; as to the non standard components, corresponding stress checking is needed after the design of the construction[4].
Keywords: heat exchanger； strength design； structure design
第二章 传统工艺计算 2
2.1 工艺计算 2
2.1.1 介质原始数据 2
2.1.2 介质定性温度及物性参数 2
2.2 传热量与水蒸汽流量计算 3
2.3 有效平均温差计算 4
2.4管程换热系数计算 5
2.5 管程结构初步设计 6
2.6壳程换热系数计算 6
2.7总传热系数计算 8
2.8管壁温度计算 8
2.9管程压力降计算 9
2.10壳程压力降计算 10
第三章 强度计算 12
3.1结构设计说明书 12
3.1.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数的确定 12
3.1.2布管方式的选择 12
3.1.3筒体内径的确定 12
3.1.4筒体壁厚的确定 13
3.1.5封头形式的确定 13
3.1.6管箱短节壁厚计算 14
3.1.7容器法兰的选择 14
3.1.8管板尺寸的确定及强度计算 15
3.1.9是否安装膨胀节的判定： 27
3.1.10各管孔接管及其法兰的选择： 28
3.1.11设备法兰的选择 31
3.1.12拉杆和定距管的确定 33
3.1.13开孔补强计算： 34
3.2筒体管箱耐压试验的应力校核计算 36
3.2.1筒体核算 36
3.2.2 支座的选择及应力校核 36
3.2.3 耳座的应力校核 37
第四章 结 论 40
参考文献 41
致 谢 42
本次设计使我认真的认识到了自己在本专业应学习的主要内容以及短板，换热器的设计工作主要有换热器综述，换热器的工艺计算以及结构强度计算。其中换热器工艺计算中需要根据初始数据计算其处理量以及工艺参数，换热器的结构强度计算主要集中在折流板，筒体以及开口上[1]。
冷凝器是使用范围很广的一种化工设备，属于换热器的一种。本设计任务主要是根据已知条件选择采用固定管板式换热器的设计。首先根据给出的设计温度和设计压力来确定设备的结构形式以及壳程和管程的材料，然后根据物料性质和传热面积来确定换热管的材料，尺寸，根数。根据换热管的根数确定换热管的排列，并根据换热管的排列和长度来确定筒体直径以及折流板的选择。通过对容器的内径和内外压的计算来确定壳体和封头的厚度并进行强度校核。然后是对换热器各部件的零部件的强度设计，有法兰的选择和设计计算与校核，钩圈及浮头法兰的设计计算与校核和管子拉脱力的计算[2]。还包括管板的结构设计、防冲挡板、滑道结构的设计以及支座设计。结构设计中的标准件可以参照国家标准根据设计条件直接选取；非标准件，设计完结构后必须进行相应的应力校核。
关键词：换热器； 强度设计； 结构设计
Abstract
Condenser is a kind of chemical equipment which has wide range of application and it is also a kind of heat exchanger.The main task of this thesis is to design a floating heat exchanger based on some known information. It is important to determine the type of construction of the equipment and the material of its shell pass and tube pass first. Then, the material, size and number of the exchange tube are decided by material property and its heat transfer area. The exchange tubes need to be arranged on the basis of its number. What’s more, the diameter and the choice of baffle board are influenced by the arrangement and length of exchange tubes. Furthermore, the thickness of the shell and shell cover is determined by the inner diameter and the calculation of inner and outer pressure of the container. Meanwhile, its intensity also needed to be checked[3]. Next, it is also vital to design the intensity of components of heat exchanger, including the choice, calculation and checking of flange, floating flange and backing device, also the calculation of pulling-out force of the tubes. In addition, there are other things to be designed carefully, including tube plate, impingement baffle, slide and support. During the design of structure, standard components can be referred to national standards according to the design conditions of the direct selection; as to the non standard components, corresponding stress checking is needed after the design of the construction[4].
Keywords: heat exchanger； strength design； structure design
目 录
第一章 引言 1第二章 传统工艺计算 2
2.1 工艺计算 2
2.1.1 介质原始数据 2
2.1.2 介质定性温度及物性参数 2
2.2 传热量与水蒸汽流量计算 3
2.3 有效平均温差计算 4
2.4管程换热系数计算 5
2.5 管程结构初步设计 6
2.6壳程换热系数计算 6
2.7总传热系数计算 8
2.8管壁温度计算 8
2.9管程压力降计算 9
2.10壳程压力降计算 10
第三章 强度计算 12
3.1结构设计说明书 12
3.1.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数的确定 12
3.1.2布管方式的选择 12
3.1.3筒体内径的确定 12
3.1.4筒体壁厚的确定 13
3.1.5封头形式的确定 13
3.1.6管箱短节壁厚计算 14
3.1.7容器法兰的选择 14
3.1.8管板尺寸的确定及强度计算 15
3.1.9是否安装膨胀节的判定： 27
3.1.10各管孔接管及其法兰的选择： 28
3.1.11设备法兰的选择 31
3.1.12拉杆和定距管的确定 33
3.1.13开孔补强计算： 34
3.2筒体管箱耐压试验的应力校核计算 36
3.2.1筒体核算 36
3.2.2 支座的选择及应力校核 36
3.2.3 耳座的应力校核 37
第四章 结 论 40
参考文献 41
致 谢 42
