摘要

    冷凝器是使用范围很广的一种化工设备，属于换热器的一种。本设计任务主要是根据已知条件选择采用固定管板式换热器的设计,固定管板式换热器的优点是锻件使用少，造价低；传热面积比浮头式换热器大20%到30％且旁路渗流小。
  本台换热器主要完成的是煤油-水之间的热量交换,首先根据给出的设计温度和设计压力来确定设备的结构形式以及壳程和管程的材料，然后根据物料性质和传热面积来确定换热管的材料，尺寸，本次设计的主要设计参数为：管程介质为水，温度由30℃加热到42℃ ，工作压力，流量为 ，壳程介质为煤油，入口温度138℃，出口温度40℃、压力为，流量为。采用Φ25×2.5的无缝钢管换热，并根据换热管的排列和长度来确定筒体直径以及折流板的选择。通过对容器的内径和内外压的计算来确定壳体和封头的厚度并进行强度校核。然后是对换热器各部件的零部件的强度设计，有法兰的选择和设计计算与校核，钩圈及浮头法兰的设计计算与校核和管子拉脱力的计算。还包括管板的结构设计、防冲挡板、滑道结构的设计以及支座设计。结构设计中的标准件可以参照国家标准根据设计条件直接选取；非标准件，设计完结构后必须进行相应的应力校核。
    管板与换热管的连接方式为焊接，因管板上的应力较多，且内外温度有一定的差值，因此，对管板强度的校核是一个重点，也是一个难点。
关键词:  冷凝器;  强度设计;  结构设计

Abstract

    The condenser is the use of a wide range of a kind of chemical equipment, belongs to a kind of heat exchanges. This design task is mainly according to the known condition selection using fixed tube plate heat exchanges design, the advantage of fixed tube plate heat exchanges is forgings used less, low cost; Heat transfer area is from 20% to 30% larger than the floating head heat exchanges and the bypass seepage is small.
    This primary finish is kerosene-water heat exchanges, the heat exchange between the first according to the given temperature and design pressure to determine the structure of device and the shell side and tube side of the material, then according to the material properties and the heat transfer area to determine the heat exchange tube material, size, the main design parameters of this design is: in the medium passes into water, heating temperature of 30℃ to 42℃, working pressure and flow for shell side medium for kerosene, inlet temperature of 1380 c, outlet temperature 40℃, pressure, flow rate is zero. Using Φ25*2.5 seamless steel tube heat exchanges, and according to the arrangement of heat exchange tube to determine cylinder diameter and length, and the choice of the baffle plate.                               through the container inner diameter and the internal and external pressure calculation to determine the thickness of the shell and head and intensity. and then to various components of the heat exchanges strength design of the parts and components have the choice of the flange and design calculation and checking, hook ring, and the calculation in the design of floating head flange and the checking and calculation of the force of tube pulled off. Includes the structure design of tube sheet, prevent the impact damper, the design of the track structure and support design. The structure design of standard parts can be reference to national standards according to the design conditions of direct selection; After non standard parts, design the structure must be corresponding stress checking.
    Tube plate and the heat exchange tube connections for welding, because of the stress of the tube plate more, and the internal and external temperature have certain difference, therefore, check is a key for the tubeless intensity, is also a difficulty.
Key words:  Condenser;  Strength design;  The structure design
 
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