设计简介
摘 要
世界制造业转移，中国正逐步成为世界加工厂。美国、德国、韩国等国家已经进入发展的高技术密集时代与微电子时代，钢铁、机械、化工等重化工业发展中期。由于数控机床综合应用了电子计算机、自动控制、伺服系统、精密检测与新型机械结构等方面的技术成果，具有高的高柔性、高精度与高度自动化的特点，因此，采用数控加工手段，解决了机械制造中常规加工技术难以解决甚至无法解决的单件、小批量，特别是复杂型面零件的加工，应用数控加工技术是机械制造业的一次技术革命，使机械制造的发展进入了一个新的阶段，提高了机械制造业的制造水平，为社会提供高质量，多品种及高可靠性的机械产品。
本次设计主要是对数控加工工艺进行分析与具体零件图的加工，首先对数控加工技术进行了简单的介绍，然后根据零件图进行数控加工分析。第一，根据本零件材料的加工工序、切削用量以及其他相关因素选用刀具及刀柄和零件的轮廓特点确定需要刀具。第二，针对零件图图形进行编制程序，此零件为轴类零件，外轮廓由直线、圆弧和螺纹组成，零件的里面要镗出一个锥孔，在加工过程中，工件需要钻孔再镗孔，第三，钻孔对刀时要先回参考点，要以孔中心作为对刀点，刀具的位置要以此来找正，使刀位点与换刀点重合确定编程坐标系及编程原点，进行数控加工程序编制，最后用编程模拟软件对轴类零件进行仿真加工及校验。
关键词：轴套；轴类零件；工艺设计；数控机床；数控编程
Abstract
The transfer of world manufacturing, China is gradually becoming the world factory. High technology intensive era America, Germany, South Korea and other countries have already entered the development and microelectronics era, medium-term steel, machinery, heavy chemical industry development.Because the technology of CNC machine tool of comprehensive application of computer, automatic control, servo system, precision detection and a novel mechanical structure and so on, has high flexibility, high precision and high degree of automation features, therefore, the CNC machining method, solves the machinery manufacturing processing technology can’t solve even can’t solve the single, small batch, in particular the processing of complex shape parts, a technological revolution is the application of NC machining technology of mechanical manufacturing industry, the development of machinery manufacturing has entered a new stage, to improve the manufacturing level of mechanical manufacturing industry, provides the high quality for the society, multi variety and high reliability of mechanical products.
This design is mainly for processing analysis and specific parts of NC machining technology, the NC machining technology is briefly introduced, then according to the analysis of NC machining parts diagram. First, according to the characteristics of machining process, the material of cutting and other relevant factors selection of tool and toolholder and components identified the need for tools. Second, for the part drawing graphics programming, this part for the shaft parts, the outline of the straight line, arc and screw threads, should be boring a tapered parts of which, in the process, the workpiece need another boring drilling, drilling third, the knife back when the first reference point, to the center of the hole as the knife point, the location of the cutting tool to find it, the cutter location coincides with the tool change point identification of programming coordinate system and program origin, for NC programming, the programming simulation software simulation processing and check the shaft parts.
Key words: Bushings; Shaft; Process design; NC machine tool; NC programming
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
前 言 1
第一章 零件的分析 2
1.1 零件的结构工艺性分析 2
1.1.1 零件的形状分析 5
1.1.2 零件的技术要求分析 5
1.2 零件的材料分析 5
第二章 毛坯的设计 7
2.1 确定零件的生产类型和生产纲领 7
2.2 确定零件毛坯的制造形式 7
2.2.1 毛坯的种类 7
2.2.2 毛坯种类的选择 8
2.2.3 毛坯的形状和尺寸的选择 8
第三章 零件工艺规程的设计 9
3.1 定位基准的选择 9
3.1.1 精基准的选择 9
3.1.2 粗基准的选择 9
3.2 零件表面加工方法的选择 10
3.3 加工顺序的安排 10
3.3.1 加工阶段的划分 10
3.3.2 工序的合理组合 11
3.3.3 加工顺序的确定 12
3.4 工艺的制定 14
3.4.1 工序基准的选择 14
3.4.2 机床的选择 14
3.4.3 工艺装备的选择 15
3.4.4 切削用量的确定 17
3.4.5数控加工工艺卡片 19
第四章 数控加工程序的编制 22
4.1 数控加工的特点 22
4.2 数控编程方法及特点 22
4.2.1 数控编程的分类 22
4.2.2 编程零点及坐标系的选择 22
4.2.3 对刀点的选择 23
4.3 数控加工程序的内容 23
4.4 数控加工刀具轨迹 30
总 结 33
致 谢 34
参考文献 35
